ASTM D4737-96a(2001)

Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation

SCOPE
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number of distillate fuels from density and recovery temperature measurements. The value computed from the equation is termed the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number. It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when used with due regard for its limitations.
1.3 The test method "Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation" is particularly applicable to Grade 1-D and Grade 2-D diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and cracked stocks, and blends of the two. It can also be used for heavier fuels with 90% recovery points less than 382°C and for fuels containing non-petroleum derivatives from tar sands and oil shale.
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1996
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4737-96a - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Replaced By: ASTM D4737-03 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D976-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D7583-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation Test
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4737 – 96a (Reapproved 2001) An American National Standard
Designation: 380/98
Standard Test Method for
Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
3. Summary of Test Method
provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number of
3.1 A correlation in SI units has been established between
distillate fuels from density and recovery temperature measure-
the ASTM cetane number and the density and 10 %, 50 %, and
ments. The value computed from the equation is termed the
2 90 % recovery temperatures of the fuel. The relationship is
Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
given by the following equation:
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
CCI 5 45.2
is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number.
1 ~0.0892!~T !
It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when
10N
1 @0.131 1 ~0.901! ~B!#@T #
50N
used with due regard for its limitations.
1 @0.0523 2 ~0.420!~B!#@T #
90N
1.3 The test method “Calculated Cetane Index by Four
2 2
1 0.00049 T 2 T
@ #@~ ! ~ ! #
10N 90N
Variable Equation” is particularly applicable to Grade 1-D and
1 107! B! 1 60! B! (1)
~ ~ ~ ~
Grade 2-D diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and cracked
stocks, and blends of the two. It can also be used for heavier
where:
fuels with 90 % recovery points less than 382°C and for fuels
CCI = Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equa-
containing non-petroleum derivatives from tar sands and oil
tion,
shale.
D = Density at 15°C, determined by Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 1298,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
DN = D − 0.85,
(−3.5)(DN)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
B =[e ]−1,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
T = 10% recovery temperature, °C, determined by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Test Method D 86 and corrected to standard
barometric pressure,
2. Referenced Documents
T = T − 215,
10N 10
2.1 ASTM Standards: T = 50 % recovery temperature, °C, determined by
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products Test Method 86 and corrected to standard baro-
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil metric pressure,
T = T − 260,
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
50N 50
T = 90 % recovery temperature, °C, determined by
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Test Method D 86 and corrected to standard
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
barometric pressure,
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
T = T − 310.
90N 90
3.2 The empirical equation for the Calculated Cetane Index
by Four Variable Equation was derived using a generalized
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
least squares fitting technique which accounted for measure-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ment errors in the independent variables (fuel properties) as
D02.E on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
well as in the dependent variable (cetane number by Test
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally
published as D 4737 – 87. Last previous edition D 4737 – 96.
Method D 613). The data base consisted of 1229 fuels includ-
This method of estimating cetane number was developed by Chevron Research
ing; commercial diesel fuels, refinery blending components
Co. See Ingham, M. C., et al. “Improved Predictive Equations for Cetane Number,”
SAE Paper No 860250.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4737
and non-petroleum fuels derived from tar sands, shale, and
coal. The analysis also accounted for bias amongst the indi-
vidual sets of data comprising the data base.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
is useful for estimating ASTM cetane number when a test
engine is not available for determining this property directly. It
may be conveniently employed for estimating cetane number
when the quantity of sample available is too small for an
engine rating. In cases where the ASTM cetane number of a
fuel has been previously established, the Calculated Cetane
Index by Four Variable Equation is useful as a cetane number
check on subsequent samples of that fu
...