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ASTM D6751-23a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers biodiesel fuel blend stock, B100, in Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The requirements stated here may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. The product shall undergo chemical analysis for flash point, methanol, water and sediment, kinematic viscosity, sulfated ash, oxidation stability, sulfur, copper strip corrosion, cetane number, cloud point, acid number, carbon residue, total and free glycerin, phosphorus, reduce pressure distillation temperature, atmospheric equivalent temperature, combined calcium and magnesium, and combined sodium and magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six grades of biodiesel (B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).  
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S15 LM—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust aftertreatment.  
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-B S500—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).  
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-B S15—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).  
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-B S15 LM—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust aftertreatment.  
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-B S500—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).  
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 1: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2023
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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REDLINE ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsREDLINE ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6751 − 23a
Standard Specification for
1
Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.1.6 Grade No. 2-B S500—A general purpose biodiesel
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-
1.1 This specification covers six grades of biodiesel (B100)
tions that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur
for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. These
(maximum).
grades are described as follows:
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15—A special purpose biodiesel
diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-
requirements may be applied at other points in the production
tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted
and distribution system when provided by agreement between
glycerides, including those applications requiring good low
the purchaser and the supplier.
temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com-
ponent with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S15 LM—A special purpose biodiesel of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica- restrictive.
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
glycerides, including those applications requiring good low
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ponent with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM
standard.
indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications
with modern exhaust aftertreatment.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-B S500—A special purpose biodiesel dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
glycerides, including those applications requiring good low
temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com- Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ponent with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-B S15—A general purpose biodiesel
2
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
(maximum).
Closed Cup Tester
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-B S15 LM—A general purpose biodiesel D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica- leum Products by Copper Strip Test
tions that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-
(maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and leum Products
magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
aftertreatment. ity)
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999 as PS 121 – 99. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D6751 – 02. Standards volume information, ref
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6751 − 23 D6751 − 23a
Standard Specification for
Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock Blendstock (B100) for Middle
1
Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers foursix grades of biodiesel (B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. These
grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can
be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability,
and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S15 LM—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which
can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature
operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium,
and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust
aftertreatment.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-B S500—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which
can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature
operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-B S15—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that
require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-B S15 LM—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that
require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of
4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust aftertreatment.
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-B S500—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that
require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification
requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved March 1, 2023April 1, 2023. Published March 2023May 2023. Originally approved in 1999 as PS 121 – 99. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as
D6751 – 02. Last previous edition approved in 20202023 as D6751 – 20a.D6751 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-23.10.1520/D6751-23A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6751 − 23a
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended.
For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
1.5 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—Some industry standard methodologies uti...

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ASTM
ASTM D8147-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, manufacturing, and specialized property requirements for producing special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. It deals with special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. Aviation distillate fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refined hydrocarbons derived from conventional sources such as crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands. The use of middle distillate fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. It is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation distillate fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines specialized property requirements to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft manufacturer, engine manufacturer, or certification authorities when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment design.  
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation distillate test fuels defined in this specification are not intended for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels.  
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation distillate fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel continues to comply with this specification after batch certification.  
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation compression-ignition (CI) engines.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1655-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation turbine engines, but rather, defines the following specific types of aviation fuel for civil use: Jet A; and Jet A-1. The fuels shall be sampled and tested appropriately to examine their conformance to detailed requirements as to composition, volatility, fluidity, combustion, corrosion, thermal stability, contaminants, and additives.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the appendix.  
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.  
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel.  
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7544-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel

ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.  
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.2.3.1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3241-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system.  
1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method.  
1.3 The deposition values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the referee value.  
1.4 The pressure values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The psi comparison is included for operational safety with certain older instruments that cannot report pressure in SI units.  
1.5 No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.1, 7.3, 12.1.1, and Annex A6.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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