ASTM D4192-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Potassium occurs in rocks in a form that is not easily solubilized; therefore, the potassium content of natural waters is usually low. Most natural waters contain less than 20 mg/L of potassium, but waters containing several hundred milligrams per litre are occasionally found. Potassium is essential to animal nutrition, but a concentration of 1000 to 2000 mg/L in stock water is regarded as the extreme limit permissible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of potassium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is 0.20 to 4.0 mg/L when using the 766.5-nm resonance line. The range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by using the less-sensitive 404.4-nm resonance line. Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for potassium levels to 0.02 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer systems available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.02-mg/L range.
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 3.
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Designation: D4192 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption
1
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low
2 D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
amounts of potassium in waters having low solids content.
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
The applicable range of this test method is 0.20 to 4.0 mg/L
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
when using the 766.5-nm resonance line. The range may be
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
sample or by using the less-sensitive 404.4-nm resonance line.
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for
potassium levels to 0.02 mg/L, but use of this test method at
3. Terminology
this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
and nebulizer systems available in the atomic absorption
spectrophotometer as well as the skill of the analyst. The method, refer to Terminology D1129.
precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use
4. Summary of Test Method
of this test method in the 0.02-mg/L range.
4.1 Potassium is determined by flame atomic absorption
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked
spectrophotometry. The potassium content is determined by
reagent water. It is the analyst’s responsibility to ensure the
aspirating the low solids sample directly with no sample
validity of this test method to other low dissolved solids
pretreatment.
matrices.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.1 Potassium occurs in rocks in a form that is not easily
standard.
solubilized; therefore, the potassium content of natural waters
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is usually low. Most natural waters contain less than 20 mg/L
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of potassium, but waters containing several hundred milli-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gramsperlitreareoccasionallyfound.Potassiumisessentialto
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
animal nutrition, but a concentration of 1000 to 2000 mg/L in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
stock water is regarded as the extreme limit permissible.
precautionary statement, see Note 3.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Interferences
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
usually negligible.
1
7. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for use at 766.5
in Water.
nm.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4192 – 03. DOI:
NOTE 1—The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for all
10.1520/D4192-08.
2 instrumental parameters. Wavelengths other than 766.5 nm may be used
Platte, J.A., and Marcy,V. M., “ANewTool for theWater Chemist,” Industrial
only if they have been determined to be equally suitable.
Water Engineering, May 1965 .
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.2 Potassium Hollow-Cathode Lamps—Multielement hol-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
low cathode lamps are available and also have been found
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. satisfactory.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4192 − 08
TABLE 1 Determination of Bias for Potassium in Reagent Water
7.3 Pressure-Reducing Valves—The supplies of fuel and
by Atomic Absorption
oxidant shall be maintained at pressures somewhat higher than
Amount Amount
the operating pressure of the instrument by using suitable
Added
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4192–03 Designation:D4192–08
Standard Test Method for
Potassium in Water byAtomicAbsorption
1
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1This test method covers the determination of low amounts of potassium in waters
2
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoflowamountsofpotassiuminwaters havinglowsolidscontent.Theapplicable
range of this test method is 0.20 to 4.0 mg/L when using the 766.5-nm resonance line. The range may be extended upward by
dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by using the less-sensitive 404.4-nm resonance line. Many workers have found that
this test method is reliable for potassium levels to 0.02 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the
configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer systems available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the skill of
the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.02-mg/L range.
1.2 Thistestmethodhasbeenusedsuccessfullywithspikedreagentwater.Itistheanalyst’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidity
of this test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 3.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3
D 1129Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D 5847 Practice for the Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—ForFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Potassium is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The potassium content is determined by aspirating
the low solids sample directly with no sample pretreatment.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Potassium occurs in rocks in a form that is not easily solubilized; therefore, the potassium content of natural waters is
usually low. Most natural waters contain less than 20 mg/L of potassium, but waters containing several hundred milligrams per
litre are occasionally found. Potassium is essential to animal nutrition, but a concentration of 1000 to 2000 mg/L in stock water
is regarded as the extreme limit permissible.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents inWater.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4192–97.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4192 – 03.
2
Platte, J. A., and Marcy, V. M., “A New Tool for the Water Chemist,” Industrial Water Engineering, May 1965 .
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4192–08
6. Interferences
6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are usually negligible.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomete
...
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