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ASTM A342/A342M-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials

Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and research and development.
Because of the restrictions on the specimen shape and size, this test method is most often used to evaluate semifinished product before fabrication of parts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determination of the permeability [relative permeability]  of materials having a permeability not exceeding 4.0.  
1.2 The test methods covered are as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method 1 is suitable for materials with permeabilities between 1.0 and 4.0.  
1.2.2 Test Method 2 is suitable for measuring the permeability of paramagnetic materials having a permeability less than 1.05.  
1.2.3 Test Method 3 is a suitable means of measuring the permeability of a material as "less than" or "greater than" that of calibrated standard inserts designated for use in a Low-Mu Permeability Indicator.  
1.3 The values stated in either customary (absolute (or practical) cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
29.030 - Magnetic materials
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.01 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A342/A342M-99 - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM A342/A342M-04(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3160-21 - Standard Guide for Metallurgical Characterization of Absorbable Metallic Materials for Medical Implants
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F593-22 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F594-22 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F880M-16 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Set Screws (Metric) (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A1022/A1022M-22a - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F879-23 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Button, Low and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F96-77(2020) - Standard Specification for Electronic Grade Alloys of Copper and Nickel in Wrought Forms
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A955/A955M-20c - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A608/A608M-20 - Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A480/A480M-23a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F837M-20 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap Screws [Metric] (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F836M-20 - Standard Specification for Style 1 Stainless Steel Metric Nuts (Metric) (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2281-04(2017) - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM A342/A342M-04 - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic MaterialsASTM A342/A342M-04 - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
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ASTM A342/A342M-04 - Standard Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: A342/A342M − 04
Standard Test Methods for
1
Permeability of Feebly Magnetic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA342/A342M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
nation of the permeability [relative permeability] of materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
having a permeability not exceeding 4.0.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The test methods covered are as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Test Method 1 is suitable for materials with perme-
4
abilities between 1.0 and 4.0.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 Test Method 2issuitableformeasuringthepermeabil- A341/A341MTest Method for Direct Current Magnetic
ity of paramagnetic materials having a permeability less than Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the
1.05. Ballistic Test Methods
1.2.3 Test Method 3 is a suitable means of measuring the
TEST METHOD NO. 1, FLUXMETRIC METHOD
permeability of a material as “less than” or “greater than” that
of calibrated standard inserts designated for use in a Low-Mu
3. Significance and Use of Test Method 1
3
Permeability Indicator.
3.1 Thistestmethodissuitableforspecificationacceptance,
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statutes, manu-
and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
facturing control, and research and development.
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets
3.2 Because of the restrictions on the specimen shape and
except for the sections concerning calculations where there are
size, this test method is most often used to evaluate semifin-
separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values
ished product before fabrication of parts.
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
4. Apparatus
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformance
4.1 Power Supply—Asource of dc current for the electrical
with this standard.
circuit shown in Fig. 1. Electronic power supplies are prefer-
able although the use of storage batteries is permitted.
1 4.2 Test Fixture—Atest fixture consisting of a magnetizing
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
solenoid with a set of test coils mounted midway between the
Magnetic Properties and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on
Test Methods.
ends of the solenoid for measuring magnetic induction and an
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
air flux balancing resistor, fluxmeter, and associated circuitry
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A342/A342M–99.
conforming to the following requirements:
DOI: 10.1520/A0342_A0342M-04.
2
Test Methods 1 and 2 actually measure magnetic susceptibility. The perme-
4.2.1 Magnetizing Solenoid, C , having a minimum length
1
ability (µ) [relative permeability (µ )] is related to the susceptibility (k)bythe
r
of30cm[300mm]andaratiooflengthtoequivalentdiameter
equations:
of four or more. The magnetizing winding shall be uniformly
µ=1+4pk (cgs-emu)
µ =1+ k (SI) wound and be capable of producing a uniform field of at least
r
The term permeability has been retained in these test methods because of its
300Oe[24kA/m]overthelengthofthetestspecimenwithout
widespread commercial and technological usage.
overheating.
3
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Low-Mu Permeability Indicator, manufactured by Severn Engineering Co., Inc.,
555 Stage Rd., Suite 1A, Auburn, AL 36830, http://www.severnengineering.com.
4
(Indicators can be returned for recalibration.) If you are aware of alternative For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
technical committee, which you may attend. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A342/A342M − 04
FIG. 1 Circuit Diagram for Met
...

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FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter (main current)
A2—Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current)
B—Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S3
F—Electronic Fluxmeter
H—Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S3
N1—Magnetizing coil
N2—Magnetic flux sensing (B) coil
N3—Magnetic field strength (H) sensing coil
R1—Main current control rheostat
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1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for determination of the permeability [relative permeability]2 of materials having a relative permeability not exceeding 6.0.  
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1.2.5 Test Method 5—Vibrating Sample Magnetometry is suitable for materials with relative permeabilities between 1.0 and 4.0. This test method permits the user to select the magnetic field strength at which the permeability is to be measured.  
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ASTM
ASTM A596/A596M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Point by Point (Ballistic) Method and Ring Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Test methods using suitable ring-type specimens4 are the preferred methods of determining the basic magnetic properties of a material caused by the absence of demagnetizing effects and are well suited for specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.  
3.2 Provided the test specimen is representative of the bulk material as is usually the case for thin strip and wire, this test is also suitable for design purposes.  
3.3 When the test specimen is not necessarily representative of the bulk material such as a ring machined from a large forging or casting, the results of this test method may not be an accurate indicator of the magnetic properties of the bulk material. In such instances, the test results when viewed in context of past performance history will be useful for judging the suitability of the current material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers dc testing for the determination of basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of ring, toroidal, link, double-lapped Epstein cores, or other standard shapes which may be cut, stamped, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, or rolled materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal magnetization curve and hysteresis loop taken under conditions of steep wavefront reversals of the direct-current magnetic field strength.  
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for a testing range from very low magnetic field strength up to 200 or more Oe [15.9 or more kA/m]. The lower limit is determined by integrator sensitivity and the upper limit by heat generation in the magnetizing winding. Special techniques and short duration testing may extend the upper limit of magnetic field strength.  
1.4 Testing under this test method is inherently more accurate than other methods. When specified dimensional or shape requirements are observed, the measurements are a good approximation to absolute properties. Test accuracy available is primarily limited by the accuracy of instrumentation. In most cases, equivalent results may be obtained using Test Method A773/A773M or the test methods of IEC Publication 60404-4.  
1.5 This test method permits a choice of test specimen to permit measurement of properties in any desired direction relative to the direction of crystallographic orientation without interference from external yoke systems.  
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear in Fig. 1 and Sections 5, 6, 9, and 10. For the official definitions see Terminology A340.  
FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Ring-Type Cores  
Note 1:  
A1—Multirange ammeter, main-magnetizing current circuit
A2—Multirange ammeter, hysteresis-current circuit
N1—Magnetizing (primary) winding
N2—Flux-sensing (secondary) winding
F—Electronic integrator
  R1—Main current control rheostat
R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat
S1—Reversing switch
S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat  
1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.8 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections fo...

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ASTM
ASTM A34/A34M-06(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines test lots and describes the selection and preparation of test specimens used in the determination of magnetic properties of various materials.  
4.2 A method of calculating the density of iron-base electrical steels is given and a table of assumed densities for magnetic testing of commercial soft magnetic alloys is provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both soft and hard magnetic materials.  
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or independent of, the standard test methods and materials specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In the former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly apply.  
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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