ASTM E951-94(2000)

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent Formulations On the Skin

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to repellent compounds and formulations that can be appropriately diluted with ethanol, acetone, or a similar inert carrier for test purposes. The test methods described are not suitable for testing powders, sticks or other solid formulations, or for testing thixotropic or other fluids whose physical properties would be modified by dilution.
1.2 These test methods are designed and intended for use as a research standard to develop data on the efficacy of repellents applied to the skin of humans against laboratory-reared or field-collected mosquitoes. The use of these test methods will provide for the development of a data base whereby all investigators generate comparable data. Modifications of the equipment or procedures, or both, may be needed for tests against other kinds of biting arthropods.
1.3 The test methods are intended for use in testing materials that are in an advanced stage of development, for which human-use trials can be fully justified on scientific and ethical grounds. The test methods are not designed for the testing of commercial formulations where registration or advertising claims data are required.
1.3.1 A repellent should not be considered for testing on humans before its efficacy has been demonstrated in  in vitro, animal, or other nonhuman test systems.
1.3.2 A repellent should not be applied to the skin before its safety has been established in appropriate toxicological tests on animals or other test organisms.
1.3.3 No repellent should be tested on humans without the written consent of the test subjects and prior approval of competent authority, as designated in the applicable laws and regulations governing experimentation on humans.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1999
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: E35 - Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E951-94 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent Formulations On the Skin
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000
• Replaced By: ASTM E951-94(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent Formulations On the Skin
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E951–94(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent
1
Formulations On the Skin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E951; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 These test methods apply to repellent compounds and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formulations that can be appropriately diluted with ethanol,
acetone, or a similar inert carrier for test purposes. The test
2. Referenced Document
methods described are not suitable for testing powders, sticks
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or other solid formulations, or for testing thixotropic or other
E939 Test Method of FieldTestingTopicalApplications of
fluids whose physical properties would be modified by dilu-
Compounds as Repellents for Medically Important and
tion.
Pest Arthropods (Including Insects, Ticks, and Mites): I
1.2 These test methods are designed and intended for use as
Mosquitoes
aresearchstandardtodevelopdataontheefficacyofrepellents
2.2 Other Documents:
applied to the skin of humans against laboratory-reared or
Directions for Abstractors and Section Editors of Chemical
field-collected mosquitoes. The use of these test methods will
3
Abstracts
provide for the development of a data base whereby all
Consolidated List of Approved Common Names of Insecti-
investigators generate comparable data. Modifications of the
4
cides and Other Pesticides
equipment or procedures, or both, may be needed for tests
4
Common Names of Insects and Related Organisms
against other kinds of biting arthropods.
1.3 The test methods are intended for use in testing mate-
3. Apparatus
rials that are in an advanced stage of development, for which
3.1 Test Cage—The following design and materials have
human-use trials can be fully justified on scientific and ethical
been found suitable for construction of the mosquito cage (see
grounds. The test methods are not designed for the testing of
Fig. 1):
commercial formulations where registration or advertising
3.1.1 The cage is rectangular in shape, length, width, and
claims data are required.
height is approximately 7.2 by 2 by 1.6 in. (18 by 5 by 4 cm).
1.3.1 A repellent should not be considered for testing on
The top of the cage (5 by 18 cm) is made of metal or plastic
humans before its efficacy has been demonstrated in in vitro,
mosquito screening, and the sides, ends, and floor are made of
animal, or other nonhuman test systems.
1
⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) clear acrylic plastic.
1.3.2 Arepellent should not be applied to the skin before its
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3.1.2 Five 1 ⁄8 in. (29 mm) circular openings are drilled in
safetyhasbeenestablishedinappropriatetoxicologicaltestson
3
line on 1 ⁄8 in. (35 mm) centers in the floor of the cage.
animals or other test organisms.
3.1.3 The two sides and one of the ends of the cage are
1.3.3 No repellent should be tested on humans without the
groovedandslottedtoreceiveaflexiblerectangularslidemade
written consent of the test subjects and prior approval of
of 0.012 in. (0.3 mm) cellulose acetate sheeting. The slide
competent authority, as designated in the applicable laws and
shouldmovefreelyoverthefloorofthecagetoopenandclose
regulations governing experimentation on humans.
the five openings.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.4 One end of the cage is fitted with a No. 3 stopper in a
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
1
⁄2 in. (13 mm) hole for insertion of the test mosquitoes.
information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on the ASTM website.
3
PesticidesandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee35.12onInsectControl Available from the American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., N.W., Wash-
Agents. ington, D.C. 20036.
4
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Originally Available from the Entomological Society of America, College Park, MD
published as E951–83. Last previous edition E951–89. 20740.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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