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ASTM E2707-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure

Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method described herein measures the ability of the exterior wall covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the wall assembly under the specified conditions of exposure.  
Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a test specimen when these details are representative of the construction of the end-use product(s).
This test method is applicable to end-use product(s) not having an ideally planar external surface.
The overall performance of the test specimen is visually documented by full-color photographic records. Video taping of the complete fire test is an acceptable alternative to the photographic record. The use of infrared photography of the unexposed side of the test wall can be used to reveal development of increasing temperatures or persisting hot spots.
In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a specific set of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method to assess the fire performance of a vertically oriented specimen exposed to direct flame impingement in a simulated external fire exposure potentially encountered in a ‘Wildland Urban Interface’ scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of materials, which are used as the exposed surfaces of exterior walls in construction applications.
Note 1—This test method closely follows the test procedure of California Office of State Marshal (SFM) Method 12-7A-1.  
1.2 This test method measures the ability of the wall system to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity or unexposed side of the test assembly under the conditions of exposure.  
1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of vertically oriented materials, products or assemblies in exterior construction applications. The test specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, by virtue by the use of hazardous materials, operations or equipment, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2009
ICS
13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.14 - External Fire Exposures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2707-14 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure
Effective Date
15-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
01-Aug-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2957-17 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wildfire Penetration of Eaves, Soffits and Other Projections
Effective Date
01-Aug-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2886/E2886M-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement
Effective Date
01-Aug-2009

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ASTM E2707-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement ExposureASTM E2707-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure
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ASTM E2707-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2707 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies
1
Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently
hazardous, by virtue by the use of hazardous materials,
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method to
operations or equipment, and adequate safeguards for person-
assess the fire performance of a vertically oriented specimen
nel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
exposed to direct flame impingement in a simulated external
fire exposure potentially encountered in a ‘Wildland Urban
2. Referenced Documents
Interface’scenario. This test method provides data suitable for
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
comparing the performance of materials, which are used as the
D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-
exposedsurfacesofexteriorwallsinconstructionapplications.
Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
NOTE 1—This test method closely follows the test procedure of
D4442Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
2
California Office of State Marshal (SFM) Method 12-7A-1.
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
1.2 Thistestmethodmeasurestheabilityofthewallsystem
D4444Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and
to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity
Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
or unexposed side of the test assembly under the conditions of
D6662Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber
exposure.
Decking Boards
D7032Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings
1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing
for Wood-Plastic Composite Deck Boards and Guardrail
the performance of vertically oriented materials, products or
Systems (Guards or Handrails)
assembliesinexteriorconstructionapplications.Thetestspeci-
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
men shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations represen-
E2257Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling
tative of actual end product or system uses.
Materials and Assemblies
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.
2.2 ISO Standards:
4
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO 13943Fire Safety—Vocabulary
standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
responseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflame
standard, see Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate
conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall
allfactorsrequiredforfirehazardorfireriskassessmentofthe
prevail.
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 orientation, n—theverticalplaneinwhichtheexposed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
face of the test specimen is located during testing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 siding (cladding), n—any material that constitutes the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
exposedexteriorcoveringofanexteriorwallandsuchmaterial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is applied over sheathing or directly attached to the wall
system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
3
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.14 on External Fire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Exposures. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2707-09. the ASTM website.
2
4
2007CaliforniaBuildingCode,Chapter7A[SFM],MaterialsandConstruction Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure, Exterior Wall Siding and Sheathing, SFM la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
Standard 12-7A-1. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2707 − 09
3.2.3 sheathing, n—the material placed on an exterior wall 7. Apparatus
benea
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method described herein measures the ability of the exterior wall covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the wall assembly under the specified conditions of exposure.  
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a test specimen when these details are representative of the construction of the end-use product(s).  
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method to assess the fire performance of a vertically oriented specimen exposed to direct flame impingement in a simulated external fire exposure potentially encountered in a ‘Wildland Urban Interface’ scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of materials, which are used as the exposed surfaces of exterior walls in construction applications.
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1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of vertically oriented materials, products or assemblies in exterior construction applications. The test specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.  
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.5.  
1.5 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
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5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and  
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.  
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5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen  to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
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5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen  to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method described herein measures the ability of the exterior wall covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the unexposed side of the wall assembly under the specified conditions of exposure.  
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of an assembly shall be included in a test specimen when these details are representative of the construction of the end-use product(s).  
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SCOPE
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1.3 This test method provides data suitable for comparing the performance of vertically oriented materials, products or assemblies in exterior construction applications. The test specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.  
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1.5 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
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4.1 Test Methods E119 and E1529, and other standard fire resistance test methods specify that throughout exposures to fire and the hose stream, a constant superimposed axial load be applied to a load-bearing test specimen to simulate a maximum load condition. These test methods specify that this superimposed load shall be as nearly as practicable the maximum allowable axial design load allowed by design under nationally recognized structural design criteria. For this practice, the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction  
4.1.1 Alternatively, the standard fire resistance test methods shall be conducted by applying an axial load that is less than the maximum allowable axial design load as addressed by the NDS and this practice, but these tests shall be identified in the test report as being conducted under restricted load conditions.  
4.1.2 The superimposed axial load, as well as the superimposed axial load as a percentage of the maximum allowable axial design load for the stud and as a percentage of the maximum allowable design load for the plate, shall be calculated using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method in the NDS and this practice shall be included in the test report.
Note 1: The NDS should be used to ensure calculation of the superimposed load is in compliance with all applicable provisions of that document. Appendix X1 describes how to calculate the superimposed load in accordance with the NDS.  
4.2 This practice describes procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load to be applied in standard fire resistance tests of wood-frame wall assemblies.  
4.3 Statements in either the fire resistance test method standard or the nationally recognized structural design standard supersede any procedures described by this practice.
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1.3 This practice is only applicable to those wood-frame assemblies for which the nationally recognized structural design criteria are contained in the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS).2  
1.4 The system of units to be used is that of the nationally recognized structural design criteria. For the NDS, the units are inch-pound.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Movement Capabilities of Through-Penetration Firestop Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to standardize the cyclic movement of a through-penetration firestop system prior to a fire resistance test. If the amplitude of movement in a design application can be predicted, then the numerical values of allowable movement can be used as one data point in helping to establish suitability of the through-penetration firestop system for the given application.
Note 4: The fire resistance rating of a through-penetration firestop system is established in accordance with a relevant fire test, as acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Examples of such tests include Test Method E814, CAN/ULC-S115, UL 1479, and ISO 10295-1.  
5.2 This test method will assist users, producers, building officials, code authorities, and others in understanding relative movement capabilities of representative test specimens of through-penetration firestop systems under standardized test conditions.  
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict the absolute movement capabilities of all likely permutations of through-penetration firestop systems under all likely types of real-life movement.  
5.4 This test method does not provide information on:  
5.4.1 Durability of the through-penetration firestop system under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature on the through-penetration firestop system;  
5.4.2 Rotational shear capabilities of the test specimen;  
5.4.3 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth; and  
5.4.4 Compatibility of through-penetration firestop system components and the penetrating items.  
5.5 This test method is only to be used as one element in the selection of a through-penetration firestop system for a particular application.  
5.6 This is not a fire test standard. To determine the effect of cyclic movement on the fire resistance rating of a though-penetration firestop system, conduct a fire ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing procedures for through-penetration firestop systems. This test method is intended for the following uses:
Note 1: Refer to Test Method E814 for definition of “through-penetration firestop system.”  
1.1.1 To determine relative movement capability in two separate and distinct planes of movement for different types of through-penetration firestop systems,  
1.1.2 To standardize a comparison of movement capability by establishing standardized test conditions, in order to allow the type of through-penetration firestop system’s movement capabilities to be examined,  
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1.3 This test method uses standardized configurations for the test specimen. Test results will not be representative of all possible through-penetration firestop systems.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes, comments, and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes, comments, and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior t...

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Standard Test Methods for High-Temperature Characterization of Gypsum Boards and Panels

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe three bench top test methods for measuring the thermophysical responses of gypsum boards and panels when exposed to high temperatures. The test methods are:  
1.1.1 High-temperature Core Cohesion—This test method evaluates the ability of the test specimen to withstand a specified mechanical strain while exposed to elevated temperature.  
1.1.2 High-temperature Shrinkage—This test method evaluates dimensional changes in the test specimen when exposed to elevated temperatures.  
1.1.3 High-temperature Thermal Insulation—This test method evaluates the rate of heat transfer through the thickness of the test specimen by measuring the length of time required to heat the center of the test specimen over a specified temperature rise when exposed to prescribed furnace conditions.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Test Method  
Section  
High-temperature Core Cohesion  
4  
High-temperature Shrinkage  
5  
High-temperature Thermal Insulation  
6  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units (given in parenthesis) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 While these tests are useful for evaluating fire properties of gypsum boards and panels, they are not suitable for predicting the Test Methods E119 fire resistance performance of a specific gypsum protected assembly that has not previously been tested in accordance with Test Methods E119 and correlated to these tests.2  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1751-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Asphalt Types)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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