ASTM C1167-03

Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and  fired bond in Terminology C 43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2003
• ICS: 91.100.25 - Terracotta building products
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.06 - Roofing Tile

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1167-96 - Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C1167-03(2009) - Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1570-22 - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1568-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1569-22 - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1167 – 03
Standard Specification for
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Clay Roof Tiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Classification
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as 4.1 Clay roof tiles covered by this specification are classi-
roof covering where durability and appearance are required to fied by grade for durability and type for appearance as follows:
provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. 4.1.1 Grades:
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar 4.1.1.1 Grade 1—Providing resistance to severe frost ac-
naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat tion.
treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment 4.1.1.2 Grade 2—Providing resistance to moderate frost
must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents action.
to provide the strength and durability requirements of this 4.1.1.3 Grade 3—Providing negligible resistance to any
specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43). frost action.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, press- 4.1.1.4 Grades relate to exposure to weather as defined in
ing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method Table 1.
to describe the tiles. 4.2 Types:
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular 4.2.1 Type I—High-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, width ratio greater than 1:5.
sizes, surface textures, and colors. 4.2.2 Type II—Low-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance width ratio equal to, or less than 1:5.
to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of 4.2.3 Type III—All other tiles, including flat.
tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
5. Material and Finish
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-
as the standard.
ganic coatings to the faces of the tiles are not prohibited
2. Referenced Documents
provided that evidence satisfactory to the purchaser is fur-
2.1 ASTM Standards: nished regarding the durability of the coatings. Tiles that are
2
C 43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products coloredbyflashingortexturedbysanding,wherethesanddoes
C 67 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick and not form a continuous coating, are not considered as surface-
2
Structural Clay Tile colored tiles for the purpose of this specification.
C 297 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Flat Sandwich
NOTE 1—When surface colored tiles (other than sanded or flashed) are
3
Constructions in Flatwise Plane
specified, data satisfactory to the purchaser shall be submitted showing
C 554 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed
that after 50 cycles of freezing-thawing (5.2) there is no observable
4
Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of 40 ft (12
2
m) under an illumination of not less than 50 fc (538 lm/m ) by an observer
3. Terminology
with normal vision. It is not prohibited to present service records of the
performance of the particular coated tiles in appropriate locations in place
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to struc-
of the freezing and thawing test, with the consent of the purchaser.
tural clay products, and clay roof tiles, see Terminology C 43.
5.2 The tiles shall be free of defects, deficiencies, or
bloating,thatwouldinterferewiththeproperlayingofthetiles,
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
the performance of the roof, or the requirements of this
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
specification.
C15.06 on Roofing Tile.
Current edition approved January 10, 2003. Published November 2003. Origi-
5.2.1 Tiles that, when broken, have a dark area that has a
nally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 1167 – 96.
steely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surround-
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
3 ing normal color of tile are not prohibited. This dark area is
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
4
known as black heart or black core. Black heart is generally the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
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C1167–03
TABLE 1 Grade Classification for Clay Roof
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