ASTM D4860-14(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test Method D4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free water. The degree of water and particulate contamination can be measured using other methods such as Test Methods D1744, D2276, and D2709.
5.2 The color of the sample does not affect the measurement. Limited laboratory evaluations of samples have determined the degree of free water can be rated in fuels with dark opaque color having a darker rating than five in Test Method D1500.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D4860 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
Petroleum Products
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
fuels.
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright),n—a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel as
For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
a haze, cloudiness, droplets, or water layer.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 solid particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
present in fuel.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Some examples of solid particulates
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
coating deterioration, and products of fuel degradation and
2. Referenced Documents microbial growth.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4 4
clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ),
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products 3.2.1 Micro-Separometer
(ASTM Color Scale) n— a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of
removal of free water and particulate contamination by filtra-
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn tion.
3
2016)
4. Summary of Test Method
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
Fuel by Line Sampling
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and
particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample
is taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid
presence of particulate matter.
FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
4.2 Anumerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4860 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/
aportionofthefuelsampleataprogrammedrate(50 mL⁄45 s)
D4860-14R19.
through a standard fiberglass coalescer/filter. A portion of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
effluent is used to establish a reference (100) level by a light
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on ‘MSEP’and ‘Micro-Separometer’are trademarks of EMCEE Electronics, Inc.,
www.astm.org. 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4860 − 14 (2019)
6
Micro-Separometer. See Research Report RR:D02-1647.
transmittance measurement. Another portion of the unpro-
cessed (unfiltered) fuel
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4860 − 14 D4860 − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
3
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn 2016)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright),n—a condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel as a haze,
cloudiness, droplets, or water layer.
3.1.3 solid particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present
in fuel.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Some examples of solid particulates are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-coating deterioration, and
products of fuel degradation and microbial growth.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014June 1, 2019. Published January 2015July 2019. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D4860 – 13.D4860 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4860-14.10.1520/D4860-14R19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4860 − 14 (2019)
4 4
3.2.1 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ),n— a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal
of free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample is
taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the presence of
particulate matter.
4.2 A numerical rating for free water
...
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