ASTM C1026-87(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equipment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile for resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: C 1026 – 87 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Freeze-Thaw
Cycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.1 The freezing chamber for this test method may be ofany
type provided it has the capacity to cool the center of the test
1.1 This test method describes the procedures and equip-
load to 0°F (−18°C) within a period of 6 to 8 h. By adjusting
ment required to test either glazed or unglazed ceramic tile for
the mass of the test load, freezers with various freezing rates
resistance to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Ceramic
may be used in this test as long as the 6 to 8-h period to reach
tile of any size or shape may be tested by this test method.
0°F (−18°C) is maintained.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.2 Two freezer thermometers of the type that use a ther-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
mocouple are required. They shall be calibrated to 0°F (−18°C)
information only.
against a thermometer of known accuracy (see 2.1).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.3 Vacuum Chamber, capable of withstanding a vacuum of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
760 mm Hg (102 MPa).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.4 Vacuum Pump, that can go down to 20 mm Hg (2.6
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
MPa) pressure.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.5 Drill Press.
2. Referenced Documents
5.6 Carbide Tipped Bit, slightly larger in diameter than the
thermocouple, or other means of drilling the tile.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.7 Ultraviolet Light Source and Fluorescent Dye, (un-
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
glazed tile) or black ink (glazed tile).
Products
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
6. Test Samples
parison Techniques
6.1 Select ten samples at random from the lot to be tested.
3. Summary of Test Method
7. Procedure
3.1 A designated test-load of tile specimens is saturated with
7.1 Calibration of the Freezer Capacity:
water, and placed in a freezer with thermocouples (thermom-
7.1.1 Calibrate the two freezer thermometers.
eter) inserted. Freezing is followed by a thawing cycle with the
7.1.2 Select a group of tiles having the same approximate
specimens immersed in water. The number of tile damaged
absorption, size, and total mass as the samples to be used in the
after freezing and thawing for 5, 10, and 15 cycles is
final test for use as a test load.
determined by visual examination.
7.1.3 Drill a hole through the center of the tile that will be
4. Significance and Use
in the middle of the load as it is placed in the freezer in order
to accommodate the thermocouple. The fit of the thermocouple
4.1 The test for resistance to freezing and thawing functions
bead in the tile should be as snug as possible. The wire should
as a guide to the selection of ceramic tile suitable for outdoor
be trailed out either between the ribs or in a slot cut in the back
service in geographic areas subjected to freezing. It can serve
of one of the tiles. It is important that the tile, when stacked, are
as a test method to verify compliance with specifications for
not held apart by the thermocouple or wire.
ceramic tile, and provides a control test for determining the
7.1.4 Remove the thermocouple from the prepared tile and
uniformity of tile being manufactured for exterior installations.
subject them and the remainder of the tile to be used as the test
5. Apparatus (See Fig. 1)
load to the following:
7.2 Test Load Preparation:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on 7.2.1 Place as many tile at a time as possible in a vacuum
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
container. Evacuate to a pressure of 20 mm Hg for 20 min, then
Subcommittee C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
add potable water at room temperature to cover the tile
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987. Originally
completely while still under vacuum. Hold under vacuum for
published as C-21 Proposed Test Method P 153. Last previous edition C 1026 – 84.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
40 min. Make sure all tile are submerged in water throughout
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1026
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Apparatus
the 40-min soak. After this treatment, release the vacuum and 7.4 Freezing and Thawing:
store the treated tile immersed in water until ready for 7.2.3.
7.4.1 When the tile have reached 0°F (−18°C), remove them
7.2.2 Mount the thermometers to the outside of freezing
from the freezer and place in water that is at a temperature from
chamber which has a no-load capability of − 10 to − 20°F (−23
50 to 60°F (10 to 16°C) and is of a sufficient quantity that the
to − 29°C). Place one thermocouple in the freezer sothat it is
temperature remains within this range (about 4 lb (kg/kg) of
suspended in the atmosphere of the freezer, not touching the
water per pound of tile). Place the til
...
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