ASTM C872-89(1999)

Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain enamel surfaces.
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C872-89(2005) - Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C872–89(Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Interferences
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of 5.1 Since a specific hollow cathode lamp for lead and
lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain cadmium is used, there are no interferences.
enamel surfaces.
6. Apparatus
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only. 6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with a
102-mm (4-in.) single slot or Boling burner head and digital
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 mg/L of lead
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.03 mg/L of
cadmium for 1 % absorption. The operating conditions as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
2. Referenced Documents
manual shall be used.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—ppm, mg/L, and µg/mL are equivalent units.
C 738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
6.2 Hollow Cathode Lead Lamp, with wavelength set at
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
283.3 or 217.0 nm.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.3 Hollow Cathode Cadmium Lamp, with wavelength set
3. Summary of Test Method at 228.8 nm.
6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass, to
3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article under
make reagents and solutions.
test by acetic acid at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) after 24 h of
6.5 Test Cell, suitable for the containment of the leaching
leachingaremeasuredbyatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry
solution on a flat porcelain enamel surface. A cell that has
using a specific hollow cathode lamp for lead and cadmium
proved suitable for this purpose is shown in Fig. 1.
respectively.
7. Reagents
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
4.1 The determination of lead and cadmium release from
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Test Method C 738. Recently, however, there has been a need
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
to measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved
accuracy of the determination.
porcelain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being
evaluated by a test similar to Test Method C 738.
Perkin-Elmer model 303 and Jarrell-Ash model 82-546 have been found
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B-8 on Metallic suitable for this determination.
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved Sept. 29, 1989. Published April 1990. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
published as C 872 – 77. Last previous edition C 872 – 83. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C872
Metric Equivalents for Apparatus
Dimensions (Fig. 1)
in. mm
⁄8 3.2
⁄4 6.4
⁄8 9.5
1 ⁄4 31.8
1 ⁄32 45.2
2 ⁄4 57.2
2.31 58.7
2.5 63.5
4 101.6
4 ⁄16 103.2
4 ⁄8 104.8
5 ⁄2 139.7
FIG. 1 Suitable Test Cell
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references L with 4 % acetic acid. Commercially available standard lead
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water. (See solutions may also be used.
Specification D 1193.) 7.6 Hydrochloric Acid (1 % by weight)—Mix 1 volume of
7.3 Acetic Acid (4 % by volume)—Mix 1 volume of glacial concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl sp gr 1.19) with 37
acetic acid with 24 volumes of water. volumes of water.
7.7 Cadmium (1000 mg Cd/L)—Dissolve 0.500 g of cad-
NOTE 2—Areagent blank shall be run each time a 4 % acid solution is
mium metal in 250 mL of hot 1 % HCl (see 7.6),
...