ASTM C872-89(2005)

Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of lead and cadmium release from porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to Test Method C 738. Recently, however, there has been a need to measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved porcelain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being evaluated by a test similar to Test Method C 738.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain enamel surfaces.
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2005
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C872-89(1999) - Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM C872-10 - Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C872–89(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope lain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being evaluated by
a test similar to Test Method C738.
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of
lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain
5. Interferences
enamel surfaces.
5.1 Since a specific hollow cathode lamp for lead and
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
cadmium is used, there are no interferences.
standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
102-mm (4-in.) single slot or Boling burner head and digital
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 mg/L of lead
2. Referenced Documents for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.03 mg/L of
2 cadmium for 1 % absorption. The operating conditions as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
manual shall be used.
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
NOTE 1—ppm, mg/L, and µg/mL are equivalent units.
6.2 Hollow Cathode Lead Lamp, with wavelength set at
3. Summary of Test Method
283.3 or 217.0 nm.
3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article under
6.3 Hollow Cathode Cadmium Lamp, with wavelength set
test by acetic acid at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) after 24 h of
at 228.8 nm.
leachingaremeasuredbyatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry
6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass, to
using a specific hollow cathode lamp for lead and cadmium
make reagents and solutions.
respectively.
6.5 Test Cell, suitable for the containment of the leaching
solution on a flat porcelain enamel surface. A cell that has
4. Significance and Use
proved suitable for this purpose is shown in Fig. 1.
4.1 The determination of lead and cadmium release from
porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to
7. Reagents
manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
TestMethodC738.Recently,however,therehasbeenaneedto
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved porce-
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems. Perkin-Elmer model 303 and Jarrell-Ash model 82-546 have been found
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005. Published September 2005. Original- suitable for this determination.
lyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C872 – 89 (1999). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
DOI: 10.1520/C0872-89R05. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
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C872–89 (2005)
Metric Equivalents for Apparatus
Dimensions (Fig. 1)
in. mm
⁄8 3.2
⁄4 6.4
⁄8 9.5
1 ⁄4 31.8
1 ⁄32 45.2
2 ⁄4 57.2
2.31 58.7
2.5 63.5
4 101.6
4 ⁄16 103.2
4 ⁄8 104.8
5 ⁄2 139.7
FIG. 1 Suitable Test Cell
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the 7.5 Lead Nitrate Solution (1000 mg Pb/L)—Dissolve 1.598
accuracy of the determination. g of lead nitrate (Pb(NO ) ) in 4 % acetic acid and dilute to 1
3 2
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references L with 4 % acetic acid. Commercially available standard lead
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water (see solutions may also be used.
Specification D1193). 7.6 Hydrochloric Acid (1 % by weight)—Mix 1 volume of
7.3 Acetic Acid (4 % by volume)—Mix 1 volume of glacial concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl sp gr 1.19) with 37
acetic aci
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