ASTM C1740-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The impulse-response method is used to evaluate the condition of concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other concrete plate structures. The method is also applicable to plate structures with overlays, such as concrete bridge decks with asphalt or portland cement concrete overlays. The impulse-response method is intended for rapid screening of structures to identify potential locations of anomalous conditions that require more detailed investigation.
5.2 This practice is not intended for integrity testing of piles. For such applications refer to Test Method D5882.
5.3 This practice can be used to locate delaminated or poorly consolidated concrete. It can also be used to locate regions of poor support or voids beneath slabs bearing on ground.
5.4 Results are used on a comparative basis for comparing concrete quality or support conditions at one point in the tested structural element with conditions at other points in the same element, or for comparing a structural element with another element of the same geometry. Invasive probing (drilling holes or chipping away concrete) or drilling of cores is used to confirm interpretations of impulse-response results.
5.5 Because concrete properties can vary from point to point in the structure due to differences in concrete age, batch-to-batch variability, or placement and consolidation practices, the measured mobility and dynamic stiffness can vary from point to point in a plate element of constant thickness.
Note 1: The flexural stiffness of a plate is directly proportional to the elastic modulus of the material and directly proportional to the thickness raised to the third power (5). As a result, variations in thickness will have a greater effect on variations in mobility than variations in elastic modulus.
5.6 The effective radius of influence of the hammer blow limits the maximum concrete element thickness that can be tested. The apparatus defined in this practice is intended for thicknesse...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the procedure for using the impulse-response method to evaluate rapidly the condition of concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other plate-like structures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1740 − 16
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the
1
Impulse-Response Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C125 for general terms related
to concrete. Refer to Terminology E1316 for terms related to
1.1 This practice provides the procedure for using the
nondestructive ultrasonic examination that are applicable to
impulse-response method to evaluate rapidly the condition of
this practice.
concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other plate-
like structures. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 impulse-response method, n—a nondestructive test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method based on the use of mechanical impact to cause
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
transient vibration of a concrete test element, the use of a
standard.
broadband velocity transducer placed on the test element
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adjacent to the impact point to measure the response, and the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
use of signal processing to obtain the mobility spectrum of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test element.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 shows the testing configuration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for the impulse-response method. The hammer contains a load
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
cell to measure the transient impact force and a velocity
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
transducer is used to measure the resulting motion of the test
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
object (see top plots in Fig. 2). In plate-like structures, the
as requirements of the standard.
impact results predominantly in flexural vibration of the tested
element, although other modes can be excited. Waveforms
2. Referenced Documents
from the load cell and velocity transducer are converted to the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: frequency domain and used to calculate the mobility spectrum,
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
which is analyzed to obtain parameters representing the el-
gregates ement’s response to the impact. These parameters are used to
C1383 Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and
identify anomalous regions within the tested element.
the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo
3.2.2 mobility, n—ratio of the velocity amplitude at the test
Method
point to the force amplitude at a given frequency, expressed in
D5882 Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing
units of (m/s)/N.
of Deep Foundations
3.2.2.1 Discussion—For a plate-like structure, mobility is an
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
indicator of the relative flexibility of the tested element, which
is a function of plate thickness, concrete elastic modulus,
3. Terminology
support conditions, and presence of internal defects. A higher
3.1 Definitions: mobility indicates that the element is relatively more flexible at
3
that test point (1,2).
3.2.3 mobility ratio, peak-mean, n—the ratio of the peak
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete mobility value between 0 to 100 Hz to the average mobility
and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.64 on
between 100 to 800 Hz
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A high ratio of the peak mobility to the
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
average mobility has been found to correlate with poor support
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1740–10. DOI:
10.1520/C1740-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1740 − 10 C1740 − 16
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the
1
Impulse-Response Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice provides the procedure for using the impulse-response method to evaluate rapidly the condition of concrete
slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other plate-like structures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C1383 Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method
D5882 Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing of Deep Foundations
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C125 for general terms related to concrete. Refer to Test Method C1383 for terms related to
stress-wave testing of concrete and refer to Terminology E1316 for additional terms related to nondestructive ultrasonic
examination that are applicable to this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 impulse-response method, n—a nondestructive test method based on the use of mechanical impact to cause transient
vibration of a concrete test element, the use of a broadband velocity transducer placed on the test element adjacent to the impact
point to measure the response, and the use of signal processing to obtain the mobility spectrum of the test element.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.64 on
Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2011January 2017. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
C1740–10. DOI: 10.1520/C1740-10.10.1520/C1740-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Fig. 1 shows the testing configuration for the impulse-response method. The hammer contains a load cell to measure the transient
impact force and a velocity transducer is used to measure the resulting motion of the test object (see top plots in Fig. 2). In
plate-like structures (as defined in Test Method structures, C1383), the impact results predominantly in flexural vibration of the
tested element, although other modes can be excited. Waveforms from the load cell and velocity transducer are converted to the
frequency domain and used to calculate the mobility spectrum, which is analyzed to obtain parameters representing the element’s
response to the impact. These parameters are used to identify anomalous regions within the tested element.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1740 − 16
FIG. 1 Schematic of the Test Set-Up and Apparatus for Impulse-Response Test
FIG. 2 Typical Force-Time Waveform and Amplitude Spectrum Plots for Hammer with a Hard Rubber Tip
3.2.2 mobility, n—ratio of the velocity amplitude at the test point to the force amplitude at a given frequency, expressed in units
of (m/s)/N.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
For a plate-like structure, mobility is an indicator of the relative flexibility of the tested element, which is a func
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.