ASTM F445-88(2004)e1
(Specification)Consumer Safety Specification for Thermal-Shock-Preventing Devices and Systems in Showering Areas
Consumer Safety Specification for Thermal-Shock-Preventing Devices and Systems in Showering Areas
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers thermal-shock-preventing devices and systems delivering water to showering areas.
1.2 This specification establishes the minimum performance requirements for the devices and systems to minimize the risks associated with the hazards of thermal shock.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F 445 – 88 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Thermal-Shock-Preventing Devices and Systems in
Showering Areas
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Updated warning note in 6.2.2.1 and added keywords editorially in August 2004.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses certain hazards in connection with shower areas and
is directed toward thermal shock.
The general requirements of this specification are intended to establish a maximum allowable
discharge temperature and provide for automatic compensation if that temperature is exceeded, or
limit temperature changes that are potentially dangerous, or both.
Thisspecificationestablishesthenecessaryrequirementstoensuresafetyfromthermalshockduring
showering for both the normal user capacity and limited user capacity of some aged, infirm, or young.
These requirements can be attained through the utilization of devices, series of devices, or plumbing
system designs, which are available in the marketplace. Many of these devices are applicable to both
new construction and retrofit installations. Specifications for the reliability and testing of these devices
and systems are available in most cases from such organizations as the American National Standards
Institute or the American Society of Sanitary Engineering.
1. Scope 2.4 safety shut-off device—maximum temperature-limiting
device that reduces the flow of water to a specified amount.
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers thermal-
2.5 scald—first-, second-, or third-degree burn injury
shock-preventing devices and systems delivering water to
caused by the contact of hot water on the skin.
showering areas.
2.6 showering area—bathing space that consists of a tub,
1.2 This specification establishes the minimum performance
tub-shower, or shower stall bounded by four walls, real or
requirements for the devices and systems to minimize the risks
imaginary, extending vertically to the ceiling from the outside
associated with the hazards of thermal shock.
edge of the tub or stall.
2. Terminology 2.7 stop-check valve—valve designed to allow the flow of
water in one direction only and which also has the capability to
2.1 check valve—valve designed to allow the flow of water
control the supply of water.
in one direction only.
2.8 stop valve—valve used for the control of water supply.
2.2 device—piece of equipment or mechanism designed to
2.9 thermal shock—change in temperature that is rapid and
serve a special purpose or perform a special function.
great enough to produce a potentially hazardous reaction.
2.3 mixing valve—device for mixing cold and hot water to
2.10 water outlet—discharge opening through which water
produce an intermediate temperature as required, either manu-
is supplied to a bathing area.
ally, pressure-equalizing, or thermostatically controlled, and
which is adjustable manually or by other means.
3. Compliance
3.1 No device or system produced after the approval date of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
this consumer safety specification shall either by label or other
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.03 on
means indicate compliance with this specification unless it
Safety Standards for Bathtub and Shower Structures.
conforms to all requirements contained herein.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 445 – 88 (1999).
“A Systematic Program to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Bathtub and
Shower Area Injuries,” Abt Associates, Inc., June 4, 1975.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F 445 – 88 (2004)
4. Materials 6.1.4 Instructions for adjusting devices or systems, where
required, shall include information on temperature settings
4.1 The materials used in the thermal-shock-preventing
based on cold-water variations and hot-water capabilities as a
devices or systems shall conform to the following:
guide to allow the installer to properly set the maximum
4.1.1 All parts, external or internal, shall be capable of
water-outlet temperature.
resisting deterioration in the environment to which they are
exposed to the degree that the intended performance of the
NOTE 1—The installer should also affix his name and company affili-
device
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