ASTM D3343-05(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use as a guide in cases in which an experimental determination of hydrogen content is not available. Table 1 shows a summary for the range of each variable used in developing the correlation. The mean value and its distribution about the mean, namely the standard deviation, is shown. This indicates, for example, that the mean density for all fuels used in developing the correlation was 783.5 kg/m3 and that two thirds of the samples had a density between 733.2 and 841.3 kg/m3, that is, plus and minus one standard deviation. The correlation is most accurate when the values of the variables to be used in the equation are within one standard deviation of the mean, but is useful up to two standard deviations of the mean. The use of this correlation may be applicable to other hydrocarbon distillates similar to aviation fuels, but only limited data on nonaviation fuels were included in the correlation.
Hydrogen content is required to correct gross heat of combustion to net heat of combustion. Net heat is used in aircraft calculation because all combustion products are in the gaseous state, but experimental methods measure gross heat.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the hydrogen content (mass percent) of aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels.
1.2 This test method is empirical and is applicable to liquid hydrocarbon fuels that conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of types Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.
Note 1—The procedure for the experimental determination of hydrogen in petroleum fractions is described in Test Methods D1018 and D3701.
Note 2—The estimation of the hydrogen content of a hydrocarbon fuel is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship among the hydrogen content and the distillation range, density, and aromatic content has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are defined by the following specifications:
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3343 − 05(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the hydrogen
content (mass percent) of aviation gasolines and aircraft
2. Referenced Documents
turbine and jet engine fuels.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method is empirical and is applicable to liquid
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
hydrocarbon fuels that conform to the requirements of speci-
Atmospheric Pressure
ficationsforaviationgasolinesoraircraftturbineandjetengine
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
fuels of types Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
NOTE 1—The procedure for the experimental determination of hydro-
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
gen in petroleum fractions is described in Test Methods D1018 and
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
D3701.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
NOTE 2—The estimation of the hydrogen content of a hydrocarbon fuel
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which
a relationship among the hydrogen content and the distillation range,
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
density, and aromatic content has been derived from accurate experimen-
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
tal measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
case,thepossibilitythattheestimatesmaybeinerrorbylargeamountsfor
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
individual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish the
correlation presented in this test method are defined by the following D3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation
specifications:
Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic
Fuel Specification
Resonance Spectrometry
Aviation gasolines D910
2.2 Military Standards:
Aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels
JP-4 and JP-5 MIL-T-5624
MIL-T-5624 SpecificationforTurbineFuel,Aviation,Grade
JP-6 MIL-J-25056 (Obsolete)
JP-4 and JP-5
JP-7 MIL-T-38219
MIL-J-25056 Specification for Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-6
Jet A D1655
Miscellaneous hydrocarbons
MIL-T-38219 Specification forTurbine Fuel, LowVolatility,
No. 2 Diesel fuel
JP-7
Kerosine distillates (similar to Jet A)
Miscellaneous (includes thinners, gasoline fractions, and unidentified blends)
Special production fuels (commercial products of nearly pure hydrocarbons
3. Summary of Test Method
and special high-temperature fuels (HTF) produced for Air Force tests.
Pure hydrocarbons
3.1 A correlation has been established between the hydro-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the gen content of a fuel and its distillation range,API gravity, and
aromatic content. This relationship is given by the following
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. equations:
Type fuel—All aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine fuels
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
Subcommittee D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods. Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3343–05. DOI: Bert, J. A., and Painter, L. J., “Method for Calculating Hydrogen Content of
10.1520/D3343-05R10. Aviation Fuels,” Chevron Research Co., Richmond, CA, Jan. 12, 1973.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3343 − 05 (2010)
TABLE 1 Mean and Standard Deviation of the Variables
5. Procedure
Standard
Variable Mean 5.1 Determine the density or the API gravity of the fuel
Deviation
sample as described in Practice D1298– API 2547–IP 160.
Aromatics, volume, % 14.1 21.6
Density, kg/m (°API) 783 (49.1) 54 (12.4)
5.2 Determine the temperatures at which 10, 50, and 90 %
Volatility, °C (°F) 178 (352) 53 (96)
ofthefuelarerecoveredusingTestMethodD86–IP123orTest
Mass percent hydrogen 14.1 1.3
Method D2887–IP 406. Average these three temperatures to
obtain the T value (in °C) or the V value (in °F) used in the
equations of 3.1.
%H 5 0.06317G 2 0.041089A10.000072135AV (1)
NOTE 3—Distillation data (10, 50, and 90 %) obtained by Test Method
D2887 are not equivalent to the same data obtained by Test Method D86.
10.00005684GV 2 0.0004960GA110.56 However,asthe50 %temperaturesareapproximatelyequal,andthe90 %
delta is similar in magnitude and opposite in sign to the 10 % delta, the
or in SI Units,
average of the 10, 50, and 90 % temperatures by either test method may
be used to estimate hydrogen content by Test Method D3343.
%H 5 9201.2114.49T 2 70.22A /D (2)
~ !
5.3 Determine the aromatic volume percent of the sample
10.02652A10.0001298AT2
using Test Method D1319–IP 156.
0.01347T12.003
6. Calculation and Report
where: 6.1 Inch-Pound Units—Calculate the percent hydrogen of
the sample using Eq 1 in 3.1. Round the value obtained to the
% H = mass percent hydrogen;
nearest 0.01 %.
G = gravity, °API;
A = volume percent aromatics; Example: Sample: Aviation kerosine fuel
V = average of 10, 50, and 90 % distillation data, °F
Determined Values:
(using Test Method D86);
API gravity, G=44
T = averageof10,50,and90 %distillationdata,°C;and
Aromatic volume percent, A=12
D = density in kg/m at 15°C.
Average distillation temperature, V = 400°F (10 % = 350°F,
50 %=390°F,90 %=460°F;V=(350+390+460)/3=400°F
3.2 Eq 1 was empirically derived for the mass pe
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