ASTM E2214-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments
Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In today's commerce, instrument makers and instrument users must deal with a large array of bench-top and portable color-measuring instruments, many with different geometric and spectral characteristics. At the same time, manufacturers of colored goods are adopting quality management systems that require periodic verification of the performance of the instruments that are critical to the quality of the final product. The technology involved in optics and electro-optics has progressed greatly over the last decade. The result has been a generation of instruments that are both more affordable and higher in performance. What had been a tool for the research laboratory is now available to the retail point of sale, to manufacturing, to design, and to corporate communications. New documentary standards have been published that encourage the use of colorimeters, spectrocolorimeters, and colorimetric spetrometers in applications previously dominated by visual expertise or by filter densitometers.7 Therefore, it is necessary to determine if an instrument is suitable to the application and to verify that an instrument or instruments are working within the required operating parameters.
5.2 This practice provides descriptions of some common instrumental parameters that relate to the way an instrument will contribute to the quality and consistency of the production of colored goods. It also describes some of the material standards required to assess the performance of a color-measuring instrument and suggests some tests and test reports to aid in verifying the performance of the instrument relative to its intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standard terms and procedures for describing and characterizing the performance of spectral and filter based instruments designed to measure and compute the colorimetric properties of materials and objects. It does not set the specifications but rather gives the format and process by which specifications can be determined, communicated and verified.
1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are generally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments used for analytical chemistry (UV-VIS spectrophotometers). ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatography includes such procedures in standards under their jurisdiction.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2214 − 23
Standard Practice for
Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-
1
Measuring Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in optics, electronics, and documentary standards have resulted in a proliferation
of instruments for the measurement of color and appearance of materials and objects. These
instruments possess very good performance but there has been little progress toward standardizing the
terminology and procedures to quantify that performance. Therefore, the commercial literature and
even some documentary standards are a mass of confusing terms, numbers and specifications that are
impossible to compare or interpret.
Two recent papers in the literature have proposed terms and procedures to standardize the
specification, comparison and verification of the level of performance of a color-measuring
2,3
instrument. Following those procedures, those specifications can be compared to product tolerances.
This becomes important so that instrument users and instrument makers can agree on how to compare
or verify, or both, that their instruments are performing in the field as they were designed and tested
in the factory.
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers standard terms and procedures for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
describing and characterizing the performance of spectral and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
filter based instruments designed to measure and compute the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
colorimetric properties of materials and objects. It does not set
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the specifications but rather gives the format and process by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
which specifications can be determined, communicated and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
verified.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are gener- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments used Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
for analytical chemistry (UV-VIS spectrophotometers). ASTM
Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatog- 2. Referenced Documents
raphy includes such procedures in standards under their juris-
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
diction.
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
E284 Terminology of Appearance
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-
Appearance Analysis.
Color Evaluation
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as E2214 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/E2214-23.
2
Ladson, J., “Colorimetric Data Comparison of Bench-Top and Portable
4
Instruments,” AIC Interim Meeting, Colorimetry, Berlin, 1995. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
Rich, D., “Standardized Terminology and Procedures for Specifying and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Verifying the Performance of Spectrocolorimeters,” AIC Color 97 Kyoto, Kyoto, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1997. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2214 − 23
2.2 Other Documents: 5. Significance and Use
ISO VIM International Vocabulary of Basic and General
5.1 In today’s commerce, instrument makers and instrument
5
Terms in Metrology (VIM)
users must deal with a large array of bench-top and portable
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and
color-measuring instruments, many with different geometric
Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Re-
and spectral characteristics. At the same time, manufacturers of
6
sults
colored g
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2214 − 20 E2214 − 23
Standard Practice for
Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-
1
Measuring Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in optics, electronics, and documentary standardstandards have resulted in a
proliferation of instruments for the measurement of color and appearance of materials and objects.
These instruments possess very good performance but there has been little progress toward
standardizing the terminology and procedures to quantify that performance. Therefore, the commercial
literature and even some documentary standards are a mass of confusing terms, numbers and
specifications that are impossible to compare or interpret.
Two recent papers in the literature,literature have proposed terms and procedures to standardize the
specification, comparison and verification of the level of performance of a color-measuring
2,3
instrument. Following those procedures, those specifications can be compared to product tolerances.
This becomes important so that instrument users and instrument makers can agree on how to compare
or verify, or both, that their instruments are performing in the field as they were designed and tested
in the factory.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice providescovers standard terms and procedures for describing and characterizing the performance of spectral and
filter based instruments designed to measure and compute the colorimetric properties of materials and objects. It does not set the
specifications but rather gives the format and process by which specifications can be determined, communicated and verified.
1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are generally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments used for
analytical chemistry (UV-VIS spectrophotometers). ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatography
includes such procedures in standards under their jurisdiction.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020Dec. 1, 2023. Published May 2020December 2023. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
E2214 – 19.E2214 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/E2214-20.10.1520/E2214-23.
2
Ladson, J., “Colorimetric Data Comparison of Bench-Top and Portable Instruments,” AIC Interim Meeting, Colorimetry, Berlin, 1995.
3
Rich, D., “Standardized Terminology and Procedures for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Spectrocolorimeters,” AIC Color 97 Kyoto, Kyoto, 1997.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2214 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
2.2 Other Documents:
5
ISO VIM International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM)
6
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this practice.
3.2 Definitions of metrology terms in ISO, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM) are
applicable to this practice.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 colorimetric spectromete
...
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