ASTM D3930-93a(1999)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests: Number Test Section 1 Low Temperature 15 2 Dry Lumber 16 3 Gap-Filling 17 4 High Temperature 18 5 Type 3 Qualification 19 6 Type 2 Qualification 20 7 Aging, Film Oxidation 21 8 Aging, Bond Oxidation 22 9 Resistance to Deformation, Creep 23 10 Mold 24 11 Type 1 Qualification 25
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3930 – 93a (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of
Manufactured Homes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added in April 1999.
INTRODUCTION
This specification provides a standard for measuring and evaluating the performance of adhesives
that will be used in joints of wood-based materials in constructing manufactured homes. This
specification has two parts: Part I contains the requirements necessary for an adhesive to conform to
this specification; and Part II provides test methods by which the performance of the adhesives will
be measured. A classification system is provided that groups adhesives according to resistance to
deformation under load, resistance to moisture, and gap-filling ability. Minimum test values have been
specified for certain properties of durability, while other property requirements are left open-ended.
The test methods used to obtain these values reflect adverse exposure and stress conditions that exist
duringtheconstruction,transit,anduseofmanufacturedhomes.Byusingvaluespublishedfromthese
prescribed test methods, the design engineer can select an adhesive that best meets the requirements
of a specific adhesive application.
The test methods used in this specification were developed predominantly from existing ASTM
standards, while others came from standards that have been generally accepted for years. Some test
methods were more recently developed. In most instances, only parts of these standards have been
used in this specification. Since no precision and bias statements are available from the original test
methods, none can be made for this specification at this time.
PART I— REQUIREMENTS
1. Scope 1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the
following tests:
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and
Number Test Section
evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-
1 Low Temperature 15
structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes.
2 Dry Lumber 16
Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, 3 Gap-Filling 17
4 High Temperature 18
particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-
5 Type 3 Qualification 19
based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not
6 Type 2 Qualification 20
cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as
7 Aging, Film Oxidation 21
8 Aging, Bond Oxidation 22
adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic lami-
9 Resistance to Deformation, Creep 23
nates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applica-
10 Mold 24
tions.
11 Type 1 Qualification 25
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Adhesives.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1993. Published February 1994. Originally
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
published as D 3930 – 80. Last previous edition D 3930 – 90a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 3930 – 93a (1999)
2. Referenced Documents site. These dimensions will include all expandable rooms, bay
windows, cabinets, and other projections containing interior
2.1 ASTM Standards:
space.
A 269 Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic
2 3.2.2 semi-structural adhesive—an adhesive capable of
Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
transferring required loads between adherends and which
A 376/A376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel
2 deforms a maximum of 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) under static load
Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service
when tested in accordance with Test 9, Section 23.
D 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
3.2.3 structural adhesive—an adhesive capable of transfer-
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
ring required loads between adherends and which deforms a
D 1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-
maximum of 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) under static load when tested
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
in accordance with Test 9, Section 23.
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
3.2.4 total deformation—the total dimensional change with
D 2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in
time of a material under constant load, and consisting of the
Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
initialinstantaneouselasticorrapiddeformationandtheslower
D 2339 TestMethodforStrengthPropertiesofAdhesivesin
time dependent deformation or creep.
Two-PlyWoodConstructioninShearbyTensionLoading
3.2.5 Type 1 adhesive—an adhesive that will retain its bond
D 3110 SpecificationforAdhesivesUsedinLaminateJoints
integrity when the joint is repeatedly wetted and dried.
for Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products
3.2.6 Type 2 adhesive—an adhesive intended for use in
D 3632 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Adhesive Joints
protected locations but that will maintain its bond integrity
by the Oxygen-Pressure Method
when the bond is subjected to occasional wetting.
D 3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-
3.2.7 Type 3 adhesive—an adhesive intended for use in
Filling Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Load-
interior locations, but that will maintain its bond integrity
ing
during conditions of high humidity.
D 4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards may be referred to for other
Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi
terms used in this specification: D 9, Terms Relating to Timber; D 907,
Terms Relating to Adhesives; D 1165, Nomenclature of Domestic Hard-
3. Terminology
woods and Softwoods; E 6, Terms Relating to Methods of Mechanical
Testing; and E 41, Terms Relating to Conditioning.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
fined in Terminology D 907.
4. Classification
3.1.1 creep, n—in an adhesive, the time-dependent increase
4.1 Adhesives shall be classified as follows (see Table 1):
in strain resulting from a sustained stress.
4.1.1 By resistance to deformation as:
3.1.2 gap-filling adhesive, n—an adhesive capable of form-
4.1.1.1 Group A, Structural; or Group B, Semistructural,
ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are not
4.1.2 By resistance to water and water vapor as:
close-fitting.
4.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3, and
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Close fitting is relative to a given
4.1.3 By gap-filling ability.
material and industry; for example, standards in construction
4.1.3.1 Those adhesives tested in accordance with Test 3,
differ from standards in electronics. Some adhesives will bond
Section 17, shall carry the designation G/F.
by bridging without completely filling the gap; others by filling
the gap completely.
5. Significance and Use
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4 5.1 Shear Strength— This specification requires determin-
3.2.1 manufactured home —a structure, transportable in
ingultimateshearstrengthofadhesivebondsunderavarietyof
oneormoresectionswhichinthetravelingmodeis8bodyfeet
conditions of assembly and service.
or more in width or 40 body feet or more in length or when
5.2 Gap-Filling Ability—Gap-filling adhesives must be ca-
erected on site, is 320 or more square feet and which is built on
pable of maintaining a bond between construction members
a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with
whose faying surfaces are not closely matched. The gap-filling
or without a permanent foundation when connected to the
ability and shear strength are determined for ⁄16 -in. (1.6-mm)
required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-
gapbetweenmembers.Theadhesivemanufacturermayqualify
conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. Calcu-
lations used to determine the number of square feet in a
structure will be based on the structure’s exterior dimensions TABLE 1 Tests Required for Group A (Structural), and Group B
(Semi-Structural) Adhesives
measured at the largest horizontal projections when erected on
Tests Required
Type Recommended Use
(Test Number)
A B
1 interior-exterior 1, 2, 4, 7 (or 8), 9, 10, 11
A
2 interior-weather protected 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 (or 8), 9, 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
A
3 interior 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 (or 8), 9, 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
A
This definition conforms to that of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
To qualify as G/F (gap-filling), adhesives must be tested byTest 3, Section 17.
B
Development (Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of
The exposure and testing conditions for the cyclic-boil and vacuum-pressure
1974 as amended in proposed rules in the Federal Register, Vol 48, No. 152, Aug.
tests, described in 10.2.1.1 and 10.2.1.2 of Specification D 3110, shall apply to
7, 1981, pp. 40498 to 40500). Test 11.
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D 3930 – 93a (1999)
larger gap-filling abilities, provided the adhesive is tested and 6.2 The compliance criteria for Tests 1 through 11, Sections
shear values are provided for the greater dimension. 15-25, are given in Table 2.
5.3 Total Deformation Resistance—The total deformation 6.2.1 For Tests 1 through 6, Sections 15-20, and Test 11,
of an adhesive under static load is used to establish the Section 25, only test results must be reported.
structural grouping for the adhesive. The adhesive manufac-
6.2.1.1 Type 1 adhesives in Group A or Group B shall be
turer determines the maximum shear stress below which the evaluatedonthebasisoftestspecimenspreparedinaccordance
adhesive will perform structurally and semi-structurally in
with Sections 13 and 25, and subsequently exposed and tested
accordance with the description of terms used in this specifi- in accordance with the procedures for the cyclic-boil and
cation, and also reports the stress used for testing the adhesive.
vacuum-pressure tests specified for wet-use adhesives in
To ensure that the total deformation is approaching a zero rate 10.2.1.1 and 10.2.1.2 of Specification D 3110. The only excep-
of increase, no more than 25 % of the deformation is allowed tion is that average strength values shall be reported in
to occur during the last half of the test period. pounds-force per square inch (or megapascals).
5.4 Moisture and Temperature Limitations During
6.2.2 Minimum performance levels are given for Test 7,
Fabrication—Adhesives may be used under a wide variety of Section 21; Test 8, Section 22; and Test 10, Section 24.
moisture and temperature conditions. To ensure reliable per-
6.2.3 For Test 9, Section 23, an evaluation shall be made on
formance under test conditions, adhesive shear strength is
the basis of the loads used to test the adhesive for total
determined for specified adverse moisture and temperature
deformation.
conditions.
5.5 High- and Low-Temperature Resistance—The adhesive
7. Sampling
is tested at high and low temperatures to determine whether
7.1 Take a representative sample from each lot of adhesive
extremes in temperature would cause problems in bonding.
to be tested.
5.6 Moisture Resistance—The adhesive is tested at three
7.1.1 Forliquidorpasteadhesives,thesamplefromeachlot
levels of exposure. Adhesive durability for Type 1 is deter-
shall not be less than 1 qt (946 mL).
mined by exposure to a cyclic boil and a vacuum-pressure test.
7.1.2 For adhesives consisting of more than one part, take a
ForType 2, a vacuum-soak is used. ForType 3, a humidity test
sufficient sample of each part in order to prepare not less than
at elevated temperature is used.
2 lb (908 g) of adhesive at the time of use.
5.7 Aging, Oxidation Resistance—To ensure that the adhe-
7.1.3 For dry adhesives, the sample from each lot shall not
sive does not become embrittled or substantially deteriorate
be less than 2 lb (908 g).
with age, the adhesive film or tensile lap shear specimens
7.2 Consult the adhesive manufacturer as to proper packing
bonded with the adhesive, are exposed to pure oxygen at an
and handling of the sample.
elevated temperature and pressure.
5.8 Mold Resistance— Conditions fostering the growth of
8. Retest and Rejection
mold are encountered in the structural spaces of walls, floors,
8.1 If the results of any initial test do not conform to the
and roofs. The adhesive is tested against three species of mold
requirements prescribed in this specification, that test shall be
commonly present on wood, either as separate tests or as a
repeated on two additional sets of specimens from a new
single test with a mixed culture of the mold species.
sample of the same lot of adhesive, each of which shall
6. Test Methods
conform to the requirements specified. If either of these two
6.1 The tests required for compliance with this specification additional sets of specimens fail to meet the requirements, the
are given in Table 1. lot or batch of material shall be rejected.
TABLE 2 Performance Requirements
Test Number Section Number Test Description Requirements
Conditions of Application:
A
1 15 low temperature shear strength
A
2 16 dry lumber shear strength
A
3 17 gap-filling shear strength
Measurements of Durability:
A
4 18 high temperature shear strength
A
5 19 Type 3 Qualification shear strength
A
6 20 Type 2 Qualification shear strength
7 21 aging, film oxidation one, 180° bend around a ⁄4 -in. (6.4-mm) mandrel with none of
the 5 specimens breaking
8 22 aging, bond oxidation maintain 50 % of original shear strength
B
9 23 resistance to deformation (creep) Group A: 0.006 in. (0.152 mm)
B
Group B: 0.050 in. (1.27 mm)
10 24 mold no growth after 14 days
A
11 25 Type 1 Qualification shear strength
A
Post average shear strength.
B
Maximum allowable total deformation under given load and conditions of 23.2.2.
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D 3930 – 93a (1999)
9. Certification or sanded exterior-grade plywood (Group I species). To help
ensure uniformity of the bonding surface, select plywood
9.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a
having all sapwood or all heartwood in the face veneer—not
manufacturer’s certification that the adhesive was manufac-
both (Note 2). Also check the face veneer to see that lathe
tured in conformance with this specification shall be furnished
check
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