ASTM D907-15(2023)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Standard Terminology of Adhesives
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is shown following each definition. Also, the following codes are included after the year of publication to describe the type change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E) Edited.
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably footnoted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the standard.
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D907 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Terminology of
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Materials (Withdrawn 1987)
D2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of defini-
Rocket Propellants (Withdrawn 2003)
tions used in the science and technology of the adhesives
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
defined in other readily available sources are not included.
D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented
Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend
as follows:
Tensile-Lap Specimen
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since
D4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties of
1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms
Structural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail Test
Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
D4317 Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume
Adhesives
15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.
D4499 Test Method for Heat Stability of Hot-Melt Adhe-
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is
sives (Withdrawn 2021)
shown following each definition. Also, the following codes are
D4680 Test Method for Creep and Time to Failure of
included after the year of publication to describe the type
Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading
change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E)
(Wood-to-Wood)
Edited.
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably foot-
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
noted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
standard.
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 3. Terminology
1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.
acceptance test, n—a test, or series of tests conducted by the
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
procuring agency, or an agent thereof, upon receipt to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determine whether an individual lot of materials conforms to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the purchase order or contract or to determine the degree of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
uniformity of the material supplied by the vendor, or both.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(Compare preproduction test and qualification test.)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
acid number, n—the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams
of potassium hydroxide, that is required to titrate acidic
2. Referenced Documents
constituents present in 1 g of sample. (1992) (A) D2849,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D20
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
adhere, v—to cause two surfaces to be held together by
D2849 Methods of Testing Urethane Foam Polyol Raw
adhesion.
adherend, n—a body held to another body by an adhesive.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
adherend preparation, n—see surface preparation.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.04 on Terminology.
adhesion, n—the state in which two surfaces are held together
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D907 – 15. DOI:
by interphase forces.
10.1520/D0907-15R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D907 − 15 (2023)
mechanical adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces in adhesive dispersion, n—see dispersion. (Compare to emul-
which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking sion.)
action.
adhesive joint, n—location at which two adherends are held
together with adhesive.
specific adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces which are
held together by intermolecular forces of a chemical or
adhesive-joint failure, n—the locus of fracture occurring in an
physical nature. (2000) (R)
adhesively-bonded joint resulting in a loss of load-carrying
capability. (See also adhesion failure and cohesion failure.)
adhesion failure, n—rupture of an adhesive bond in which the
separation appears visually to be at the adhesive/adherend (1995) (A)
interface.
substrate failure, n—in characterizing the locus of an
adhesion promoter, n—a substance used to improve bonding
adhesive-joint failure, the fracture occurring within the
of the adhesive to the substrate. (Compare coupling agent
substrate. (See cohesion failure.)
and primer.)
aggressive tack, n—see aggressive tack under tack.
DISCUSSION—The adhesion promoter may be added to an adhesive
formulation or applied to the substrate. aging time, n—see joint conditioning time.
amylaceous, adj—pertaining to, or of the nature of, starch;
adhesive, n—a substance capable of holding materials together
starchy.
by surface attachment. (See also glue, gum, mucilage,
paste, resin, and sizing.)
anaerobic adhesive, n—an adhesive that is kept in the uncured
DISCUSSION—Adhesive is the general term and includes among others
state by oxygen, as in air, and that cures in the absence of
cement, glue, mucilage, and paste. These terms are loosely used
oxygen when exposed to metal ions, especially copper or
interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the term
iron. (1990) (A)
adhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:
(1) Physical form, that is, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive
apparent viscosity, n—in non-Newtonian behavior, the ratio of
(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive
the shearing stress to the rate of shear of a fluid, given at the
(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plastic
corresponding shearing stress.
adhesive
(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesive
assembly, n—see adhesive assembly.
adhesive, assembly, n—see assembly adhesive. assembly adhesive, n—an adhesive that can be used for
adhesive, bulk, n—see bulk adhesive. bonding parts together, such as in the manufacture of a boat,
adhesive, casein, n—see casein adhesive. airplane, furniture, and the like.
adhesive, cellular, n—see cellular adhesive. DISCUSSION—The term assembly adhesive is commonly used in the
wood industry to distinguish such adhesives (formerly called “joint
adhesive, cold-setting, n—see cold-setting adhesive.
glues”) from those used in making plywood (sometimes called “veneer
adhesive, contact, n—see contact adhesive.
glues”). It is applied to adhesives used in fabricating finished structures
adhesive, foamed, n—see foamed adhesive.
or goods, or subassemblies thereof, as differentiated from adhesives
adhesive, gap-filling, n—see gap-filling adhesive.
used in the production of sheet materials for sale as such, for example,
adhesive, heat activated, n—see heat activated adhesive.
plywood or laminates.
adhesive, hot-melt, n—see hot-melt adhesive.
assembly (for adhesives), n—a group of materials or parts,
adhesive, hot-setting, n—see hot-setting adhesive.
including adhesive, placed together for bonding or which has
adhesive, intermediate-temperature-setting, n—see
been bonded together.
intermediate-temperature-setting adhesive.
adhesive, mastic, n—see mastic adhesive.
assembly time, n—the time interval between applying the
adhesive, multiple-layer, n—see multiple-layer adhesive.
adhesive on the substrate and the application of pressure, or
adhesive, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, n—see polyvinyl ac-
heat, or both, to the assembly. (See also closed assembly
etate emulsion adhesive.
time and open assembly time.) (1990) (R)
adhesive, pressure-sensitive, n—see pressure-sensitive ad-
DISCUSSION—For assemblies involving multiple layers or parts, the
hesive.
assembly begins with applying the adhesive on the first substrate.
adhesive, room-temperature-setting, n—see room-
A-stage, n—an early stage in the preparation of certain
temperature-setting adhesive.
thermosetting resins, in which the material is still soluble in
adhesive, separate application, n—see separate-
certain liquids, and fusible.
application adhesive.
adhesive, solvent, n—see solvent adhesive.
autohesion, n—adhesion developed by interdiffusion of the
adhesive, solvent-activated, n—see solvent-activated adhe-
molecules of two surfaces of the same material and conse-
sive.
quent obliteration of the interface between them. (Some-
adhesive, structural, n—see structural adhesive.
times called “autoadhesion.”) (Compare blocking.) (1990)
adhesive, warm-setting, n—see warm-setting adhesive.
(A)
adhesive, urea-formaldehyde, n—see urea-formaldehyde
adhesive.
bag molding, n—a method of molding or bonding involving
adhesive, anaerobic, n—see anaerobic adhesive. the application of fluid pressure, usually by means of air,
D907 − 15 (2023)
steam, water, or vacuum, to a flexible cover which, some- built-up laminated wood, n—see built-up laminated wood
times in conjunction with the rigid die, completely encloses under wood laminate.
the material to be bonded.
bulk adherend, n—as related to interphase, the adherend,
unaltered by the adhesive. (Compare to bulk adhesive.)
batch, n—the manufactured unit or a blend of two or more
(1988) (A)
units of the same formulation and processing. (Compare
manufactured unit.) bulk adhesive, n—as related to interphase, the adhesive,
unaltered by the adherend. (Compare to bulk adherend.)
binder, n—in adhesive compounds, a component of an adhe-
(1988) (A)
sive composition that is primarily responsible for its me-
chanical strength and adhesion. (2005) (R)
casein adhesive, n—an aqueous colloidal dispersion of casein
that may be prepared with or without heat, may contain
blister, n—an elevation of the surface of varied contour and
modifiers, inhibitors, and secondary binders to provide
dimensions, with a void beneath it. (2005) (R)
specific adhesive properties, and includes a subclass, usually
blocked curing-agent, n—a curing or hardening agent tempo- identified as casein glue, that is based on a dry blend of
rarily rendered unreactive, which can be reactivated as
casein, lime, and sodium salts, mixed with water and
desired by physical or chemical means.
prepared without heat. (1989) (A)
blocking, n—an undesired adhesion between touching layers
catalyst, n—a substance that initiates or changes the rate of
of a material, such as occurs under moderate pressure during
chemical reaction, but is not consumed or changed by the
storage or use.
reaction. (See also hardener.) (Compare inhibitor.)
(1990) (R)
bond, n—the attachment between an adhesive and an adher-
end.
caul, n—a sheet of material employed singly or in pairs in hot
or cold pressing of assemblies being bonded.
edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint
DISCUSSION—A caul is used to protect either the faces of the assembly
made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain directions
or the press platens, or both, against marring and staining to prevent
parallel to form wider stock.
sticking; to facilitate press loading; to impart a desired surface texture
face joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint made
or finish; and to provide uniform pressure distribution.
by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain directions paral-
DISCUSSION—A caul may be made of any suitable material such as
lel to form thicker stock.
aluminum, stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic; the length
laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding and width dimensions being generally the same as those of the plates of
the press where it is used.
layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge to form
thicker or wider stock.
cellular adhesive, n—see foamed adhesive.
cement, n—see Discussion under adhesive.
bond, v—to join adherends by means of an adhesive.
cement, v—see bond.
bondline, n—the layer of adhesive which attaches two adher-
cleavage, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, a separation in the
ends. (See interphase.) (2005) (R)
joint caused by wedge or other crack-opening type action.
(1994) (A)
bond strength, n—the unit load applied to tension,
compression, flexure, peel, impact, cleavage, or shear, re-
cleavage-peel strength, n—the force per unit width of bond-
quired to break an adhesive assembly with failure occurring
line required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
in or near the plane of the bond. (See also adhesion and
other crack-opening type action of two adherends where one
bond.)
or both undergo significant bending. (1994) (A)
DISCUSSION—The term adherence is frequently used in place of bond
strength.
cleavage strength, n—the force per unit width of bond line
dry strength, n—the strength of an adhesive joint determined required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
immediately after drying under specified conditions or after a other crack-opening type action of two adherends.
period of conditioning in a standard laboratory atmosphere.
closed assembly time, n—the time between the assembling of
wet strength, n—the strength of an adhesive joint determined
adhesive-coated surfaces and the application of heat and/or
immediately after removal from a liquid in which it has been
pressure to set the adhesive.
immersed under specified conditions of time, temperature, and
cohesion, n—the state in which the constituents of a mass of
pressure.
material are held together by chemical and physical forces.
DISCUSSION—The term is commonly used alone to designate strength
after immersion in water. In latex adhesives the term is also used to (1992) (R)
describe the joint strength when the adherends are brought together
cohesion failure; cohesive failure, n—rupture of a bonded
with the adhesive still in the wet state.
assembly in which the separation appears vi
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