ASTM D7422-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil analysis and component measurements before and after test.
The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.
1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first. Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact equivalents to the primary units.
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 7422 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder
D 287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and
2 Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
commonly referred to as the Mack T-12.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or
ity)
other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units.
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first.
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information
Petroleum Products
purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
equivalents to the primary units.
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where
by Potentiometric Titration
there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads,
D 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
late Fuels
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
specific safety precautions.
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2. Referenced Documents
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-
Atmospheric Pressure
bustion of Aviation Fuels
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Closed Cup Tester
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Products, and Lubricants
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
trometry
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008.
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
Administrator.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7422–08
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) D4175
D 5186 Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic 3.1.10 oxidation, n—of engine oil, the reaction of the oil
ContentandPolynuclearAromaticContentofDieselFuels with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-
and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro- duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested
matography as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in corrosion, or combination thereof. D4175
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel 3.1.11 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
D 5967 TestMethodforEvaluationofDieselEngineOilsin 3.1.11.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
T-8 Diesel Engine testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
D 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity oils. D4175
Evaluator (SLBOCLE) 3.1.12 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
Determine Conformance with Specifications uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
2.2 National Archives and Records Administration: D4175
Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-79 3.1.13 standard test, n—a test on a calibrated test stand,
using the prescribed equipment according to the requirements
3. Terminology
in the test method, and conducted according to the specified
operating conditions.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.13.1 Discussion—The specified operating conditions in
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of
some test methods include requirements for determining a
which is unknown by the test facility.
test’s operational validity. These requirements are applied after
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This is a coded reference oil that is
a test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for the
submitted by a source independent from the test facility.
average values of primary and secondary parameters that are
D4175
narrower than the specified control ranges for the individual
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
values, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary and
bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
secondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)
the crankcase. D4175
downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.
3.1.3 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
D4175
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard.
3.1.14 test parameter, n—a specified component, property,
D4175
or condition of a test procedure.
3.1.4 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
3.1.14.1 Discussion—Examples of components are fuel,
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
lubricant,reagent,cleaner,andsealer;of propertiesaredensity,
and is intended to be tested against that specification.
temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of condi-
D4175
tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power.
3.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n—the mixing of
Subcommittee B Glossary
exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen
3.1.15 varnish, n—in internal combustion engines, a hard,
oxides (NO ). D4175
x
dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents
3.1.6 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine op-
but not by wiping with a cloth. D4175
eration, characterized by average speeds, power output and
3.1.16 wear, n—the loss of material from a surface, gener-
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and
D4175
resulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combination
3.1.7 heavy-duty engine, n—in internal combustion en-
of both. Subcommittee B Glossary
gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at
or close to its peak output. D4175
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.8 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECH
oil;suchasaresearchformulation,commercialoilorcandidate
V-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation
oil. D4175
(EGR). A warm-up and a 1-h break-in are followed by a
3.1.9 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
two-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
1200 r/min, both at constant speed and load.
method; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using
4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity
different test equipment, applying different equipment assem-
increase and wear metals content.
4 5
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, The Subcommittee B Glossary may be obtained from the ASTM Test
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:// Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:
www.access.gpo.gov. Administrator.
D7422–08
4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble, parallel (concurrent) with the EGR gas flow. Every reasonable
solvent-clean, measure, and rebuild, the engine power section attempt should be made to ensure that the EGR temperatures
usingallnewpistons,rings,cylinderliners,andconnectingrod leaving the coolers are very similar. Fig. A1.3 shows the
bearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications. coolant flow to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.
4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or 6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:
defective parts. 6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, provide
4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for anadditional9.5L(10qt)sumpbyusingaseparateclosedtank
controlling speed, load, and various engine operating condi- connected to the sump. Circulate oil through the tank with an
tions. auxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1.
The No. 6 and No. 8 Aeroquip lines are to have inside
5. Significance and Use
3 1
diameters of 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) and 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.), respectively.
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wear
Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalent lines may be
performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled
substituted for Aeroquip lines provided they have the proper
four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on
inside diameters.
ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil
6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the
analysis and component measurements before and after test. exhaust side of the oil pan, 127 mm (5.00 in.) down from the
5.2 Thetestmethodmaybeusedforengineoilspecification
oil pan rail, and 178 mm (7.00 in.) back from the front of the
acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed. pan. This location is directly above the oil sump temperature
thermocouple. Refer to Fig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oil
6. Apparatus
system return line to the power steering pump cover on the
6.1 General Description:
front timing gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect the
6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,
auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sump
electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit
bucket and the dipstick tube opening.
pumps, using 2002 cylinder heads, P/N 11GBA81025 (Annex
6.2.3.3 Viking Pump Model SG053514 shall be used as the
A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke,
auxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.
turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignition
6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:
7 1
engine. The bore and stroke are 124 by 165 mm (4 ⁄8 by 6 ⁄2
6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oil
in.), and the displacement is 12 L (728 in. ).
cooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from the
6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively
supplier list in A2.7.
free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good
6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)
laboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and
shown in Fig. A1.8.
controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent
6.2.5 Blowby Meter—Useametercapableofprovidingdata
accumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine parts
at a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby
and aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.
condensate from draining back into the engine, ensure the
6.2 Test Engine:
blowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket.
6.2.1 Mack T-12 Test Engine—The engine is available from
Ensure the collection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L
MackTrucks,Inc.AcompletepartslistisshowninTableA2.1.
(5 gal). Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collection
Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.
bucket. The slope of the blowby line downstream of the
6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:
collection bucket is unspecified.
6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown inTable
6.2.6 Air Supply and Filtration—Use the Mack air filter
A2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system.
element and the Mack filter housing shown in A2.3. Replace
Pressurizethesystemto103kPa(15psi)attheexpansiontank.
filtercartridgewhen2.5kPa(10in.H O) DPisreached.Install
Use the coolant described in 7.3.1.
an adjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet air system at least 2
6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-
pipe diameters before any temperature, pressure and humidity
ing system composed of a nonfe
...
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