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ASTM E2661/E2661M-20e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel Composite Structures Used in Aerospace Applications

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel Composite Structures Used in Aerospace Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This AE examination is useful to detect micro-damage generation, accumulation, and growth of new or existing flaws. The examination is also used to detect significant existing damage from friction-based AE generated during loading or unloading of these regions. The damage mechanisms that can be detected include matrix cracking, fiber splitting, fiber breakage, fiber pull-out, debonding, and delamination. During loading, unloading, and load holding, damage that does not emit AE energy will not be detected.  
5.2 When the detected signals from AE sources are sufficiently spaced in time so as not to be classified as continuous AE, this practice is useful to locate the region(s) of the 2-D test sample where these sources originated and the accumulation of these sources with changing load or time, or both.  
5.3 The probability of detection of the potential AE sources depends on the nature of the damage mechanisms, flaw characteristics, and other aspects. For additional information, see X1.4.  
5.4 Concentrated damage in fiber/polymer composites can lead to premature failure of the composite item. Hence, the use of AE to detect and locate such damage is particularly important.  
5.5 AE-detected flaws or damage concentrated in a certain region may be further characterized by other NDE techniques (for example, visual, ultrasonic, etc.) and may be repaired as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations and the subsequent examination of the repair are outside the scope of this practice. For additional information, see X1.5.  
5.6 This practice does not address sandwich core, foam core, or honeycomb core plate-like composites due to the fact that currently there is little in the way of published work on the subject resulting in a lack of a sufficient knowledge base.  
5.7 Refer to Guide E2533 for additional information about types of defects detected by AE, general overview of AE as applied to polymer matrix composites, discussion of the Felicity ratio (FR) and Ka...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acoustic emission (AE) examination or monitoring of panel and plate-like composite structures made entirely of fiber/polymer composites.  
1.2 The AE examination detects emission sources and locates the region(s) within the composite structure where the emission originated. When properly developed AE-based criteria for the composite item are in place, the AE data can be used for nondestructive examination (NDE), characterization of proof testing, documentation of quality control, or for decisions relative to structural-test termination prior to completion of a planned test. Other NDE methods may be used to provide additional information about located damage regions. For additional information, see X1.1 in Appendix X1.  
1.3 This practice can be applied to aerospace composite panels and plate-like elements as a part of incoming inspection, during manufacturing, after assembly, continuously (during structural health monitoring), and at periodic intervals during the life of a structure.  
1.4 This practice is meant for fiber orientations that include cross-plies, angle-ply laminates, or two-dimensional woven fabrics. This practice also applies to 3-D reinforcement (for example, stitched, z-pinned) when the fiber content in the third direction is less than 5 % (based on the whole composite).  
1.5 This practice is directed toward composite materials that typically contain continuous high modulus greater than 20 GPa [3 Msi] fibers.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsi...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
49.025.40 - Rubber and plastics
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2661/E2661M-20e1 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel Composite Structures Used in Aerospace ApplicationsASTM E2661/E2661M-20e1 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel Composite Structures Used in Aerospace Applications
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ASTM E2661/E2661M-20e1 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel Composite Structures Used in Aerospace Applications
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ϵ1
Designation: E2661/E2661M − 20
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Plate-like and Flat Panel
1
Composite Structures Used in Aerospace Applications
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2661/E2661M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—An editorial change was made to the References section in November 2020.
1. Scope* 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers acoustic emission (AE) examina-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion or monitoring of panel and plate-like composite structures
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
made entirely of fiber/polymer composites.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The AE examination detects emission sources and
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
locates the region(s) within the composite structure where the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
emission originated. When properly developed AE-based cri-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
teria for the composite item are in place, the AE data can be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used for nondestructive examination (NDE), characterization
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of proof testing, documentation of quality control, or for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
decisionsrelativetostructural-testterminationpriortocomple-
tion of a planned test. Other NDE methods may be used to
2. Referenced Documents
provide additional information about located damage regions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
For additional information, see X1.1 in Appendix X1.
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3 This practice can be applied to aerospace composite
Testing
panelsandplate-likeelementsasapartofincominginspection,
E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
during manufacturing, after assembly, continuously (during
Emission Sensor Response
structural health monitoring), and at periodic intervals during
E1067 PracticeforAcousticEmissionExaminationofFiber-
the life of a structure.
glass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
E1106 Test Method for Primary Calibration of Acoustic
1.4 This practice is meant for fiber orientations that include
Emission Sensors
cross-plies, angle-ply laminates, or two-dimensional woven
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
fabrics. This practice also applies to 3-D reinforcement (for
E1781 Practice for Secondary Calibration ofAcoustic Emis-
example, stitched, z-pinned) when the fiber content in the third
sion Sensors
direction is less than 5 % (based on the whole composite).
E2533 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix
1.5 Thispracticeisdirectedtowardcompositematerialsthat
Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
typically contain continuous high modulus greater than 20 GPa
2.2 Other Documents:
[3 Msi] fibers.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
3
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing—Qualification and Cer-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
4
tification of NDT Personnel
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on the ASTM website.
3
Acoustic Emission Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E2661/E2661M – 15. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
DOI:10.1520/E2661_E2661M-20E01. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211
...

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2.2 Over the past several years, the problems of using thermocouples to obtain accurate temperature measurements in low-conductivity specimens have been studied by various people to isolate the sources of error and to establish improved temperature measurement techniques. The major sources of error are listed in this document and recommended solutions to the problems are given.
SCOPE
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SCOPE
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
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Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
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Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    51 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off