ASTM C1218/C1218M-99(2008)

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its determination shall be required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate cement systems where such reaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time in the life of a cement system is capable of being substantially different than that at another time; for example, the service environment is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.
Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test method with those from other test methods.
Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C 114, is used to eliminate such interference.
There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2007
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.69 - Miscellaneous Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1218/C1218M-15 - Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1218/C1218M − 99 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1218/C1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling
3. Significance and Use
and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for
3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient
chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.
amount,iscapableofleadingtoinitiationoraccelerationofthe
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its
notes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
determination shall be required to evaluate the potential of a
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate
cement systems where such reaction has already occurred.
are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride
determined at some particular time in the life of a cement
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. system is capable of being substantially different than that at
another time; for example, the service environment is capable
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
changes in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from this test method with those from other test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Sulfidesareknowntointerferewiththedeterminationof
chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treat-
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
ment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
C114, is used to eliminate such interference.
Cement
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use
C823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened
of this test method.
Concrete in Constructions
4. Apparatus
C1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hard-
ened Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
4.1 Sampling Equipment:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
coring or sawing is described in Test Method C42/C42M.
Sieves
4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling
(pulverization):
4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill and drill or pulverizing bits.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect without
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
contamination pulverized sample material produced by drill-
C09.69 on Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originally
ing.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1218/C1218M – 99.
DOI: 10.1520/C1218_C1218M-99R08.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or For more information see “The Determination of the Chloride Content of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Concrete,” by Brian B. Hope, John A. Page and John S. Poland, Cement and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Concrete Research, Volume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September
the ASTM website. 1985, pp. 863–870.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1218/C1218M − 99 (2008)
NOTE 3—Sampling tools may be cleaned with a brush, cloth, ethyl
4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples
alcohol rinse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate the
in an uncontaminated state.
sample.
4.2 Sample Processing Apparatus—The apparatus required
6.1.2.2 Transfer powdered sample into the sample container
for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for the
using a spoon or other suitable means.
purposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a con-
crete saw and one or more pulverizers.
7. Sample Preparation
4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum
7.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass a
dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or
850-µm [No. 20] sieve. Thoroughly blend the material by
broken into smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid
transferring it from one glazed paper to another at least ten
loss of smaller pieces.
times.
4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum
dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by
8. Procedure
using a disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict
8.1 Select a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g.
to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.
Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a
4.2.3 The 850-µm [No. 20] sieve shall comply with Speci-
250-mL beaker. Add 50 6 1 mL of reagent water meeting
fication E11.
Specification D1193, cover with a watch glass, bring to a boil
4.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determination
and boil for 5 min. Allow to stand 24 h. Filter by gravity or
step is given as the reference test method for chloride in Test
sucti
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1218/C 1218M–99 Designation: C1218/C1218M – 99 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1218/C1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that
is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C4242/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Constructions
C1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the corrosion
ofmetals,suchassteel,embeddedinorcontactingacementsystemsuchasmortar,grout,orconcrete.Thus,itsdeterminationshall
be required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate cement systems where such
reaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time in
the life of a cement system is capable of being substantially different than that at another time; for example, the service
environment is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lower one due to
leaching.
3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from
this test method with those from other test methods.
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements
contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment
with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C 114C114, is used to eliminate such interference.
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this
test method.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-9 C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69
on Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally published as C 1218–92. Last previous edition C 1218–97.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1218/C1218M – 99. DOI:
10.1520/C1218_C1218M-99R08.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1218/C1218M – 99 (2008)
4. Apparatus
4.1 Sampling Equipment:
4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by coring or sawing is described in Test Method C 42C 42C42/C42M.
4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling (pulverization):
4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill and drill or pulverizing bits.
4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect without contamination pulverized sample material produced by drilling.
4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples in an uncontaminated state.
4.2 Sample Processing Apparatus—The apparatus required for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for the
purposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a concrete saw and one or more pulverizers.
4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or broken into
smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid loss of smaller pieces.
4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by using a
disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.
4.2.3 The 850-µm [No. 20] sieve shall comply with Specification E 11E11.
4.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determination step is given as the reference test method for chloride inTest Methods
C 114C114.
4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles for use as described in 7.1.
5. Reagents
5.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination are given in the reference test method for chloride of Test Methods C
114C114.
6. Sampling
6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of the investigation (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregate in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be more
representative of a much larger volume of mortar than would an equivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C 823C823 may be used as a guide for
sampling.
6.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test Method C 42C 42C42/C42M unless otherwise specified (Note 2):
NOTE 2—Concrete cores taken in accordance
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1218/C1218M–97 Designation: C 1218/C 1218M – 99 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1218/C 1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that
is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C42 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C 823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of Hardened Concrete in Constructions
C 1084 Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 11Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
E 832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient amount, may lead is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the
corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its
determination mayshall be required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate
cement systems where such reaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined
at some particular time in the life of a cement system may be is capable of being substantially different than that at another time;
for example, the service environment may result is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes
in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.
3.1.1Water-soluble chloride determinations may be significantly affected by test conditions. Care should be taken 3.1.1 Test
conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test
method with those from other test methods.
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements
contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can causeare capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69
on Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1997.1, 2008. Published March 1997.January 2008. Originally published as C1218–92.approved in 1992. Last previous edition
C1218–92e .approved in 1999 as C 1218/C 1218M – 99.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1218/C 1218M – 99 (2008)
Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C 114, is used to eliminate such interference.
3.3Users of this test method should be aware that there are aggregates that contain chloride that may not be available for
corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this
test method.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Sampling Equipment:
4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by coring or sawing is described in Test Method C 42/C 42M.
4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling (pulverization):
4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill and drill or pulverizing bits.
4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect without contamination pulverized sample material produced by drilling.
4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samples in an uncontaminated state.
4.2 Sample Processing Apparatus—The apparatus required for processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for the
purposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a concrete saw and one or more pulverizers.
4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or broken into
smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid loss of smaller pieces.
4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm [1 in.] in maximum dimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or by using a
disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrict to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.
4.2.3 The 850-µm [No. 20] sieve shall comply with Specification E 11.
4.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determination step is given as the reference test method for chloride inTest Methods
C 114.
4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles for use as described in 7.1.
5. Reagents
5.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination are given in the reference test method for chloride of Test Methods
C 114.
6. Sampling
6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of the investigation (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregate in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be more
representative of a much larger volume of mortar than would an equivalently sized sample of concrete. Practi
...