C09.69 - Miscellaneous Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water-extractable chloride, when present in sufficient amount, has a potential to initiate or accelerate corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cementitious system, such as mortar, grout, or concrete. This test method is applicable when aggregates contain a high background of naturally occurring chloride (see ACI 222.1–96 ). Test Method C1152/C1152M determines acid-soluble chloride and Test Method C1218/C1218M determines water-soluble chloride. Both Test Methods C1152/C1152M and C1218/C1218M pulverize the sample to a fine powder or fine granular material. The Soxhlet method is intended to use nonpulverized material. Results with some aggregates have shown that the Soxhlet procedure extracts an extremely low amount of chloride, with most of it remaining in the rock, and therefore, it is not available for corrosion.  
4.2 The Soxhlet extraction apparatus consists of three sections: the boiling flask, which contains reagent water at the beginning of the test; the extractor, which contains the sample inside a thimble; and, the condenser. The extractor functions by boiling the water, which condenses and drips on to the sample. When the water attains a fixed height above the sample, the extractor siphons the water from the thimble back to the boiling flask. The process repeats itself until the test is terminated. (Refer to Fig. 1.)
FIG. 1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Note 1: This test method is to be used when significantly high chloride content has been found in aggregates, concretes, or mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.  
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.  
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.  
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.  
1.5 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water-soluble chloride, if present in sufficient amount, is capable of initiating or accelerating the corrosion of some metallic materials embedded in or contacting cementitious mixtures such as mortar and concrete. Chloride content, along with other factors, can be indicators for the possibility of corrosion of embedded metallic materials. This test method is used to determine the water-soluble chloride content in cementitious mixtures, either in new construction or existing structures.
Note 1: Water-soluble chloride content can vary with time. For example, water-soluble chloride content could increase due to additional chloride ingress. Alternatively, water-soluble chloride content could decrease due to chloride-binding or leaching.  
4.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test method with those from other test methods.  
4.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.  
4.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.  
4.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.  
4.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the use of this method.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method consists of two independent procedures: an oxide-analysis procedure that consists of two sub-procedures and an extraction procedure. Each procedure requires a substantial degree of chemical skill and relatively elaborate chemical instrumentation. Except for the influence of known interferences, determined cement contents are normally equal to, or slightly greater than, actual values except for the Maleic Acid procedure where results can also be significantly low when the paste is carbonated (Note 1).  
Note 1: With certain limitations, the procedure is also applicable for estimating the combined content of portland cement and pozzolan or slag in concretes made with blended hydraulic cement and blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags. The results of this test method when applied to concretes made with blended cements or pozzolans depend on the composition of the pozzolan, the age of the concrete, the extent of reaction of the pozzolan and the fact that this test method may determine only the portland-cement component of a blended cement. The test method should be applied to determination of the blended cement content or the pozzolanic content only by use of calibration concrete samples or other information. Earlier versions of this test method can provide useful information as detailed by Hime3 and Minnick.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of portland-cement content of a sample of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Disposal of some or all of the chemicals used in this method may require adherence to EPA or other regulatory guidelines.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Water-extractable chloride, when present in sufficient amount, has a potential to initiate or accelerate corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cementitious system, such as mortar, grout, or concrete. This test method is applicable when aggregates contain a high background of naturally occurring chloride (see ACI 222.1–96 ). Test Method C1152/C1152M determines acid-soluble chloride and Test Method C1218/C1218M determines water-soluble chloride. Both Test Methods C1152/C1152M and C1218/C1218M pulverize the sample to a fine powder or fine granular material. The Soxhlet method is intended to use nonpulverized material. Results with some aggregates have shown that the Soxhlet procedure extracts an extremely low amount of chloride, with most of it remaining in the rock, and therefore, it is not available for corrosion.  
3.2 The Soxhlet extraction apparatus consists of three sections: the boiling flask, which contains reagent water at the beginning of the test; the extractor, which contains the sample inside a thimble; and, the condenser. The extractor functions by boiling the water, which condenses and drips on to the sample. When the water attains a fixed height above the sample, the extractor siphons the water from the thimble back to the boiling flask. The process repeats itself until the test is terminated. (Refer to Fig. 1.)
FIG. 1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Note 1: This test method is to be used when significantly high chloride content has been found in aggregates, concretes, or mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water-extractable chloride, when present in sufficient amount, has a potential to initiate or accelerate corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cementitious system, such as mortar, grout, or concrete. This test method is applicable when aggregates contain a high background of naturally occurring chloride (see ACI 222.1–96 ). Test Method C1152/C1152M determines acid-soluble chloride and Test Method C1218/C1218M determines water-soluble chloride. Both Test Methods C1152/C1152M and C1218/C1218M pulverize the sample to a fine powder or fine granular material. The Soxhlet method is intended to use nonpulverized material. Results with some aggregates have shown that the Soxhlet procedure extracts an extremely low amount of chloride, with most of it remaining in the rock, and therefore, it is not available for corrosion.
The Soxhlet extraction apparatus consists of three sections: the boiling flask, which contains reagent water at the beginning of the test; the extractor, which contains the sample inside a thimble; and, the condenser. The extractor functions by boiling the water, which condenses and drips on to the sample. When the water attains a fixed height above the sample, the extractor siphons the water from the thimble back to the boiling flask. The process repeats itself until the test is terminated. (Refer to Fig. 1.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Note 1—This test method is to be used when significantly high chloride content has been found in aggregates, concretes, or mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method provided procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, this test method was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method consists of two independent procedures: an oxide-analysis procedure that consists of two sub-procedures and an extraction procedure. Each procedure requires a substantial degree of chemical skill and relatively elaborate chemical instrumentation. Except for the influence of known interferences, determined cement contents are normally equal to, or slightly greater than, actual values except for the Maleic Acid procedure where results can also be significantly low when the paste is carbonated (Note 1).
Note 1—With certain limitations, the procedure is also applicable for estimating the combined content of portland cement and pozzolan or slag in concretes made with blended hydraulic cement and blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags. The results of this test method when applied to concretes made with blended cements or pozzolans depend on the composition of the pozzolan, the age of the concrete, the extent of reaction of the pozzolan and the fact that this test method may determine only the portland-cement component of a blended cement. The test method should be applied to determination of the blended cement content or the pozzolanic content only by use of calibration concrete samples or other information. Earlier versions of this test method can provide useful information as detailed by Hime and Minnick.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of portland-cement content of a sample of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Disposal of some or all of the chemicals used in this method may require adherence to EPA or other regulatory guidelines.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of portland-cement content of a sample of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, this test method was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Water-soluble chloride, if present in sufficient amount, is capable of initiating or accelerating the corrosion of some metallic materials embedded in or contacting cementitious mixtures such as mortar and concrete. Chloride content, along with other factors, can be indicators for the possibility of corrosion of embedded metallic materials. This test method is used to determine the water-soluble chloride content in cementitious mixtures, either in new construction or existing structures.
Note 1: Water-soluble chloride content can vary with time. For example, water-soluble chloride content could increase due to additional chloride ingress. Alternatively, water-soluble chloride content could decrease due to chloride-binding or leaching.  
3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test method with those from other test methods.  
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.  
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.  
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.  
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.  
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its determination shall be required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate cement systems where such reaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time in the life of a cement system is capable of being substantially different than that at another time; for example, the service environment is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.  
3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test method with those from other test methods.  
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.  
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.  
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.  
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the use of this method.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the compliance of concrete construction with design specifications. It is especially important in determining the thickness of pavements and other slab construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of a concrete pavement, slab, or structural element by measuring the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides two procedures for determining the length of a core as measured along its axis. This length is used in conjunction with length to diameter relationships, condition surveys, absorption, density and voids analysis, petrography, cement content analysis, and other applications. It does not meet requirements for determining the distance between two parallel surfaces, which represents the thickness of a structural element often used to establish compliance with design specifications as outlined by Test Method C174.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure when the reason is other than measuring dimensional tolerances of concrete elements.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficient amount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of the corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, its determination shall be required to evaluate the potential of a cement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigate cement systems where such reaction has already occurred. However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloride determined at some particular time in the life of a cement system is capable of being substantially different than that at another time; for example, the service environment is capable of resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due to changes in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.
Test conditions are capable of affecting water-soluble chloride determinations. Take caution when comparing results from this test method with those from other test methods.
Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C 114, is used to eliminate such interference.
There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by use of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the compliance of concrete construction with design specifications. It is especially important in determining the thickness of pavements and other slab construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of a concrete pavement, slab, or structural element by measuring the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.
Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C 114, is used to eliminate such interference.
There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the use of this method.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water-extractable chloride, when present in sufficient amount, has a potential to initiate or accelerate corrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting a cementitious system, such as mortar, grout, or concrete. This test method is applicable when aggregates contain a high background of naturally occurring chloride (see ACI 222.1–96 ). Test Method C 1152/C 1152M determines acid-soluble chloride and Test Method C 1218/C 1218M determines water-soluble chloride. Both Test Methods C 1152/C 1152M and C 1218/C 1218M pulverize the sample to a fine powder or fine granular material. The Soxhlet method is intended to use nonpulverized material. Results with some aggregates have shown that the Soxhlet procedure extracts an extremely low amount of chloride, with most of it remaining in the rock, and therefore, it is not available for corrosion.
The Soxhlet extraction apparatus consists of three sections: the boiling flask, which contains reagent water at the beginning of the test; the extractor, which contains the sample inside a thimble; and, the condenser. The extractor functions by boiling the water, which condenses and drips on to the sample. When the water attains a fixed height above the sample, the extractor siphons the water from the thimble back to the boiling flask. The process repeats itself until the test is terminated. (Refer to Fig. 1.)
FIG. 1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Note 1—This test method is to be used when significantly high chloride content has been found in aggregates, concretes, or mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides two procedures for determining the length of a core as measured along its axis. This length is used in conjunction with length to diameter relationships, condition surveys, absorption, density and voids analysis, petrography, cement content analysis, and other applications. It does not meet requirements for determining the distance between two parallel surfaces, which represents the thickness of a structural element often used to establish compliance with design specifications as outlined by Test Method C 174.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure when the reason is other than measuring dimensional tolerances of concrete elements.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for sampling and analysis of aggregate for water-extractable chloride using a Soxhlet extractor.
Note 1—This test method is to be used when significantly high chloride content has been found in aggregates, concretes, or mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method consists of two independent procedures: an oxide-analysis procedure that consists of two sub-procedures and an extraction procedure. Each procedure requires a substantial degree of chemical skill and relatively elaborate chemical instrumentation. Except for the influence of known interferences, determined cement contents are normally equal to, or slightly greater than, actual values except for the Maleic Acid procedure where results can also be significantly low when the paste is carbonated (Note 1).
Note 1—With certain limitations, the procedure is also applicable for estimating the combined content of portland cement and pozzolan or slag in concretes made with blended hydraulic cement and blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags. The results of this test method when applied to concretes made with blended cements or pozzolans depend on the composition of the pozzolan, the age of the concrete, the extent of reaction of the pozzolan and the fact that this test method may determine only the portland-cement component of a blended cement. The test method should be applied to determination of the blended cement content or the pozzolanic content only by use of calibration concrete samples or other information. Earlier versions of this test method can provide useful information as detailed by Hime6 and Minnick.7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of portland-cement content of a sample of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Disposal of some or all of the chemicals used in this method may require adherence to EPA or other regulatory guidelines.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of portland-cement content of a sample of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Disposal of some or all of the chemicals used in this method may require adherence to EPA or other regulatory guidelines.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of a concrete pavement, slab, or structural element by measuring the length of a core drilled from a concrete structure.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method  provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard in those cases where such values are given, except for sieve sizes.