ASTM C949-80(2007)

Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for readily determining if a ceramic is properly fired (matured). Penetration of any extent may negate the usefulness of the ceramic, or, arbitrarily, some degree of penetration may be acceptable for the use or commercial quality of the item being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores, cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in underfired ware.
Note 1—This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2007
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C949-80(2000) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM C949-80(2012) - Standard Test Method for Porosity  in  Vitreous  Whitewares  by  Dye  Penetration
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F109-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C949–80 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
1
Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specimens are broken and inspected for the extent of dye
penetration into the body, or into defects present in the body.
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores,
cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise
5. Significance and Use
impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in underfired
5.1 This test method provides a means for readily determin-
ware.
ing if a ceramic is properly fired (matured). Penetration of any
NOTE 1—This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
extent may negate the usefulness of the ceramic, or, arbitrarily,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the some degree of penetration may be acceptable for the use or
commercial quality of the item being tested.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Vessel, capable of applying and holding a pressure of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
10 000 psi (68.9 MPa).
2. Referenced Documents
6.1.1 Fig. 1 illustrates a satisfactory device.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—Fig. 1 does not represent the only possible design or configu-
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
ration. It is representative of a device that has been successfully used.
Products
6.1.2 Fig. 2 illustrates an actual device and typical ex-
2.2 ANSI Standard:
amples.
3
C 29.1 Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators
6.1.3 Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled device, including fix-
ture, under pressure.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
7. Testing Solution
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
7.1 Use a solution consisting of1gof basic fuchsine dye
to Terminology C242.
dissolved in 1 L of 50 % alcohol.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 3—The alcohol used should not react with the dye to cause
fading.
4.1 Randomly selected unglazed fragments of vitreous
whiteware products are immersed in a fuchsine dye solution, at
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
one or more pressures for prescribed times. After drying, the
1
8.1 Use freshly broken fragments, approximately ⁄4 in. (6
3
mm) in the smallest dimension, up to ⁄4 in. (19 mm) in the
largest dimension, of the whiteware ceramic. At least 75 % of
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
the surface shall be free of glaze or other surface treatment.
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally 9. Procedure
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C949–80(2000). DOI:
9.1 Immersethetestspecimensinthetestingsolutionwithin
10.1520/C0949-80R07.
2
the press
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