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ASTM D5119-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)

SCOPE
1.1 This engine oil test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 5W 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and multiviscosity grades) intended for use in either spark-ignition gasoline engines, or in diesel engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (referred to as the L-38 engine in this test method). An oil is evaluated for protection against engine and oil deterioration under high-temperature, heavy-duty service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of multiviscosity-graded oils.
1.2 The two measures of engine deterioration used in this test method are (1) weight loss of copper-lead bearings used in the test power section, and (2) varnish and sludge deposits on power section parts.
1.3 The two measures of oil deterioration used in this test method are (1) the change in the acid number of the oil, and (2) the change in the viscosity of the oil during the test period.
1.4 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results obtained in this test method are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test method. The test can be used to compare one oil with another.
Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements include the following current versions of single-cylinder and multicylinder engine tests:
ASTM STP 509A, Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the Performance of Crankcase Lubricants  Part I, Caterpillar 1G2 Test Method
Part II, Caterpillar 1H2 Test Method
ASTM STP 315H, Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Engine Oils
Part 1, Sequence IID
Part 2, Sequence IIID
Part 3, Sequence V-D
ASTM Research Report RR:D02-1225 Sequence IIIE, Multicylinder Test Sequence for Evaluating Automotive Engine Oils
ASTM D02 Proposal P212, Proposed Test Method for VE Test Procedure
Also, see Engine Oil Tests—SAE J304 for details on these and other engine oil test methods.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard; except for the case of bearing weight measurements, for which the unit is milligram; and except for viscosity measurements, for which the temperatures of measurement are expressed in C (degrees Celsius). SI values are given in parentheses. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows: SectionIntroductionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Test Engineering, Inc.6.1Fabricated or Specially Prepared Items6.2Instruments and Controls6.3Procurement of Parts6.4Reagents and Materials7Test Oil Sample Requirements8Preparation of Apparatus9Test Stand Preparation9.1Conditioning Test Run on Power Section9.2General Power Section Rebuild Instructions9.3Reconditioning of Power Section After Each Test9.4Calibration10Power Section and Test Stand Calibration10.1Instrumentation Calibration10.2Engine Operating Procedure11Run-In and Flush11.1Intermediate Bearing Weight Loss Checks11.2Test Operating Conditions11.3Warm-up Schedule11.4Air-Fuel Ratio and Spark Advance11.5Rocker Cover Air, Off-gas, and Blowby Measurement11.6Shut-down and Oil-Drain Procedure11.7Oil Sampling and Oil Addition11.8Oil Consumption Computation11.9Periodic Measurements11.10Determination of Test Results12Report13Precision and Bias...

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Jun-2002
Withdrawal Date
17-Nov-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5119-00 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D5119-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)ASTM D5119-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
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ASTM D5119-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5119 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38
1
Spark-Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The test method described in this standard can be used by any properly equipped laboratory without
the assistance of anyone not associated with that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring
2
Center (TMC) offers a very valuable service to a test laboratory; the Center provides reference oils
and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Appendix X1). By
this means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically
similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory
utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.
Army imposes such a requirement, in connection with several Army lubricant specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC. This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by
the TMC. In addition, the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see
Annex A4).
1. Scope 1.2 The two measures of engine deterioration used in this
test method are (1) weight loss of copper-lead bearings used in
1.1 This engine oil test method covers the evaluation of
3 the test power section, and (2) varnish and sludge deposits on
automotive engine oils (SAE grades 5W 10W, 20, 30, 40, and
power section parts.
50, and multiviscosity grades) intended for use in either
1.3 The two measures of oil deterioration used in this test
spark-ignition gasoline engines, or in diesel engines. The test
method are (1) the change in the acid number of the oil, and (2)
procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition
the change in the viscosity of the oil during the test period.
Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine
1.4 Correlation of test results with those obtained in auto-
(referred to as the L-38 engine in this test method). An oil is
motive service has not been established. Furthermore, the
evaluated for protection against engine and oil deterioration
results obtained in this test method are not necessarily indica-
under high-temperature, heavy-duty service conditions. The
tive of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive
test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability
spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine
of multiviscosity-graded oils.
operated under conditions different from those of the test
method. The test can be used to compare one oil with another.
1 NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
mance for specification requirements include the following current ver-
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sions of single-cylinder and multicylinder engine tests:
D02.B0.01on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally ASTM STP 509A, Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the
4
published as D 5119–90. Last previous edition D 5119–99.
Performance of Crankcase Lubricants
The procedure, originally developed by the Coordinating Research Council, was
Part I, Caterpillar 1G2 Test Method
published as Federal Test Method 3405.2, Oxidation of Crankcase Lubricating Oils
Part II, Caterpillar 1H2 Test Method
(CLR Engine), 1972. In 1980, it was published as ASTM STP 509A, Part IV Labeco
ASTM STP 315H, Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Engine
L-38 Test Method.
4
Oils
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
This edition includes all Information Letters through No. 31.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
4
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Available from ASTM International Headquarters.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston deposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see Note 1).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Scope  
1  
Reference Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Test Engine  
6.1  
Engine Accessories  
6.2 – 6.14  
Engine Oil System  
6.15  
Cooling System  
6.16  
Fuel System  
6.17  
Intake Air System  
6.18  
Exhaust System  
6.19  
Blowby Meter  
6.20  
Thermocouples  
6.21  
Parts  
6.22  
Instrumentation  
6.23  
Crankcase Paint  
6.24  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Fuel  
7.1  
Test Oil  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials  
7.4  
Safety  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Supplementary Service Information  
9.1  
General Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Intake Air System  
9.3  
Cooling System  
9.4  
Engine Cooling System Cleaning  
9.5  
Instrumentation Calibration Requirements  
9.6  
Engine Crankcase Cleaning  
9.7  
Additional Oil Filter  
9.8  
Flushing Procedure Components  
9.9  
Flushing Procedures  
9.10  
Piston Cleaning Preparation  
9.11  
Cylinder Head  
9.12  
Fuel Nozzle  
9.13  
Measurement  
9.14  
Procedure  
10  
Engine Break-in  
10.1  
Pre-Test Preparations  
10.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
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Operating Conditions  
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5.1 This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase.5 The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 °C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 °C, including re-refined oils.  
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5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
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1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Component  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jet  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Fuel Injectors  
10.4  
Air Flow  
10.5  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.6  
Fuel Filter  
10.7  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.8  
Test Stand Calibration  
10.9  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.9.1  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.9.2  
Test Run Numbering  
10.10  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.11  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.12  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Ring Gap End Increase  
11.7.3  
Cylinder Liner Wear  
11.7.4  
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish  
11.7.5  
Photographs  
11.7.6  
Calculation and Interpretation of Results  
12  
Test Validity  
12.1  
Calculations  
12.4  
Quality Index  
12.4.1  
Oil Consumption  
12.4.2  
Report  
13  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The four-ball wear-test method can be used to determine the relative wear-preventing properties of greases under the test conditions and if the test conditions are changed the relative ratings may be different. No correlation has been established between the four-ball wear test and field service. The test method cannot be used to differentiate between Extreme Pressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) Greases.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics with metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluate the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts are only available in other units. In such cases, these will be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6891-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant’s effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.
Note 1: This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A8 for specific safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6681-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
10.5  
Air Flow  
10.6  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
10.10  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.11  
Test Run Numbering  
10.13  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.14  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.15  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Referee Ratings  
11.7.3  
Ring End Gap...

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