ASTM D2463-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a summation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions, container design, and perhaps other factors.
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality control since it is quick.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton, Staircase Method—This procedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the standard deviation of the distribution.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2463–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2463; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact 3.1 Definitions:
resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a sum- 3.1.1 failure—any rupture visible to an observer with the
mation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions, unaided eye and normal eyesight is considered a failure. Any
container design, and perhaps other factors. evidence of contained liquid on the outside of the container
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows: through any aperture other than the molded opening is also a
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This pro- failure. Container should be squeezed gently after impact to
cedureisparticularlyusefulforqualitycontrolsinceitisquick. determine any pinhole type failures. If a cap pops off during
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton Staircase Method—This pro- impact, consider that sample as a NO TEST and replace the
cedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the sample with another container.
standard deviation of the distribution.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 The drop impact resistance is determined by dropping
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only. conditioned blow-molded containers filled with water from a
platform onto a prescribed surface. Data developed with a
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
water-filled container may not be representative of what might
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be expected with a carbonated liquid, an aerosol pack, a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
product of high specific gravity, or a powder of low bulk
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
density.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.1 Procedure A consistsofdroppingatleast20contain-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ers from a fixed height and reporting the percent failures.
4.1.2 Procedure B consists of dropping at least 20 test
2. Referenced Documents
containers from varying heights above and below the mean
2.1 ASTM Standards:
failure height of the set. A mean failure height and standard
B177 Practice for Chromium Electroplating on Steel for
deviation are then calculated from the data.
Engineering Use
5. Significance and Use
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.1 These procedures provide measures of the drop impact
2.2 Society of Plastics Industry Standard:
resistance of the group or lot of blown containers from which
PBI-4 Test for Drop Impact Resistance of Plastic Bottles
the test specimens were selected.
5.2 These procedures may be used for routine inspection
purposes.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
5.3 These procedures will evaluate the effect of construc-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally tion, materials, and processing conditions on the impact
published as D2463–65T. Last previous edition D2463–90. .
resistance of the blown containers.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
Available from the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1295 K Street, N.W.,
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2463–95 (2001)
materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
tions, then the default conditions apply.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Drop Testing Machine (see Fig. 1), having the follow-
ing features:
6.1.1 A platform (see Fig. 2) upon which to set the test
specimens, which can be raised or lowered either manually or
by means of an electric motor.
6.1.2 The platform shall be adjustable so that it may be
leveled but shall also be stable so that it will not tilt under the
weight of the test specimen.
6.1.3 The platform should be spring-loaded so that upon
releaseitwillmoverapidlyoutofthepathofthetestspecimen
and will not interfere with its fall.
6.1.4 A manually or electrically operated platform release
mechanism that will hold the platform securely when being
FIG. 2 Platform Assembly
loaded but will release the platform instantaneously and will
not interfere with its path of travel.
6.3 Ameans of measuring the height of the platform above
6.2 A surface on which the containers are dropped consist-
the impact surface.
ingofaflathot-rolledsteelplate,orequivalent,withminimum
NOTE 2—If a more stringent impact test is desired, a positioning jig
dimensions of 1000 mm by 1000 mm by 13 mm (36 in. by 36
capable of holding a test container at the proper angle for a 45° angle
in. by ⁄2 in.) having an unpolished chrome-plated surface,
impact may be securely fastened to the platform.When such a jig is used,
plated in accordance with Practice B177, and securely at-
the drop height must be measured from the lowest part of the container.
tachedtoanindustrialconcretesurfaceorfloor,sothattheline
Precision data are not available for testing under these conditions.
of drop of the containers is perpendicular to the chrome-plated
7. Test Specimens
surface.
7.1 A minimum of 20 containers shall be selected so they
are representative of the lot being tested for any one of the test
Suitable equipment may be purchased from Custom Scientific Instruments,
procedures. These shall be fitted with suitable closures.
Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Whippany, NJ 07981. Detail drawings of this apparatus are
available at a nominal cost from ASTM. Order Adjunct: ADJD2463.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Periodically, or before each test series, the platform of
thedropimpactmachinemayneedtobeadjustedtoensurethat
thespecimenwillstriketheimpactareasquarelyonthedesired
surface. If this is necessary, use the following procedure:
8.1.1 Move the platform to the approximate mean failure
height of the containers to be tested with a specimen on the
platform in the desired position.
8.1.2 Release the platform allowing the specimen to fall
onto the impact surface.
8.1.3 Take a snapshot picture of the container just before it
strikestheimpactsurface.Twophotographsshouldbetakenat
rightanglestoeachothertoascertainthatthecontainerimpacts
as desired—front to back and side to side. The position of the
container relative to the impact surface as it appears in the
photographs will indicate whether or not adjustments in the
platform are necessary.
NOTE 3—The camera should be set up approximately 300 mm (12 in.)
above and 1800 mm (72 in.) from the impact area.
NOTE 4—The camera from which prints are immediately available is
most suitable.
8.1.4 Make adjustments in the platform and repeat the
procedure as specified in 8.1.3 as necessary.
A Polaroid Land Camera available from the Polaroid Corp., 741 Main St.,
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Dropping Containers Cambridge, MA, is suitable for this purpose.
D2463–95 (2001)
8.1.5 With certain drop testing machines, it may also be
where:
necessarytocheckthepositionatimpactbothaboveandbelow
X = number of failures, and
the approximate mean failure height.
N = number of containers tested.
11.2 Procedure B (see X1.1 and Table X1.2 for clarifica-
9. Conditioning
tion):
9.1 Fill containers with tap w
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