ASTM D2463-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a summation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions, container design, and perhaps other factors.
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality control since it is quick.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton, Staircase Method—This procedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the standard deviation of the distribution.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2463 – 95 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2463; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope through any aperture other than the molded opening is also a
failure. Container should be squeezed gently after impact to
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact
determine any pinhole type failures. If a cap pops off during
resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a sum-
impact, consider that sample as a NO TEST and replace the
mation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions,
sample with another container.
container design, and perhaps other factors.
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows:
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This pro-
4.1 The drop impact resistance is determined by dropping
cedure is particularly useful for quality control since it is quick.
conditioned blow-molded containers filled with water from a
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton Staircase Method—This pro-
platform onto a prescribed surface. Data developed with a
cedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the
water-filled container may not be representative of what might
standard deviation of the distribution.
be expected with a carbonated liquid, an aerosol pack, a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
product of high specific gravity, or a powder of low bulk
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
density.
information only.
4.1.1 Procedure A consists of dropping at least 20 contain-
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
ers from a fixed height and reporting the percent failures.
4.1.2 Procedure B consists of dropping at least 20 test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the containers from varying heights above and below the mean
failure height of the set. A mean failure height and standard
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- deviation are then calculated from the data.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 These procedures provide measures of the drop impact
resistance of the group or lot of blown containers from which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 177 Practice for Chromium Electroplating on Steel for the test specimens were selected.
5.2 These procedures may be used for routine inspection
Engineering Use
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study purposes.
5.3 These procedures will evaluate the effect of construc-
Program to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
tion, materials, and processing conditions on the impact
2.2 Society of Plastics Industry Standard:
PBI-4 Test for Drop Impact Resistance of Plastic Bottles resistance of the blown containers.
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
3. Terminology
should be made to the specification of the material being tested.
3.1 Definitions: Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
3.1.1 failure—any rupture visible to an observer with the testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
unaided eye and normal eyesight is considered a failure. Any materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
evidence of contained liquid on the outside of the container tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
tions, then the default conditions apply.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products. 6.1 Drop Testing Machine (see Fig. 1), having the follow-
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as D 2463 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2463 – 90. .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Suitable equipment may be purchased from Custom Scientific Instruments,
Available from the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1295 K Street, N.W., Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Whippany, NJ 07981. Detail drawings of this apparatus are
Washington, DC 20005. available at a nominal cost from ASTM. Order Adjunct: ADJD2463.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2463
loaded but will release the platform instantaneously and will
not interfere with its path of travel.
6.2 A surface on which the containers are dropped consist-
ing of a flat hot-rolled steel plate, or equivalent, with minimum
dimensions of 1000 mm by 1000 mm by 13 mm (36 in. by 36
in. by ⁄2 in.) having an unpolished chrome-plated surface,
plated in accordance with Practice B 177, and securely at-
tached to an industrial concrete surface or floor, so that the line
of drop of the containers is perpendicular to the chrome-plated
surface.
6.3 A means of measuring the height of the platform above
the impact surface.
NOTE 2—If a more stringent impact test is desired, a positioning jig
capable of holding a test container at the proper angle for a 45° angle
impact may be securely fastened to the platform. When such a jig is used,
the drop height must be measured from the lowest part of the container.
Precision data are not available for testing under these conditions.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 A minimum of 20 containers shall be selected so they
are representative of the lot being tested for any one of the test
procedures. These shall be fitted with suitable closures.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Periodically, or before each test series, the platform of
the drop impact machine may need to be adjusted to ensure that
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Dropping Containers
the specimen will strike the impact area squarely on the desired
surface. If this is necessary, use the following procedure:
ing features:
8.1.1 Move the platform to the approximate mean failure
6.1.1 A platform (see Fig. 2) upon which to set the test
height of the containers to be tested with a specimen on the
specimens, which can be raised or lowered either manually or
platform in the desired position.
by means of an electric motor.
8.1.2 Release the platform allowing the specimen to fall
6.1.2 The platform shall be adjustable so that it may be
onto the impact surface.
leveled but shall also be stable so that it will not tilt under the
8.1.3 Take a snapshot picture of the container just before it
weight of the test specimen.
strikes the impact surface. Two photographs should be taken at
6.1.3 The platform should be spring-loaded so that upon
right angles to each other to ascertain that the container impacts
release it will move rapidly out of the path of the test specimen
as desired—front to back and side to side. The position of the
and will not interfere with its fall.
container relative to the impact surface as it appears in the
6.1.4 A manually or electrically operated platform release
photographs will indicate whether or not adjustments in the
mechanism that will hold the platform securely when being
platform are necessary.
NOTE 3—The camera should be set up approximately 300 mm (12 in.)
above and 1800 mm (72 in.) from the impact area.
NOTE 4—The camera from which prints are immediately available is
most suitable.
8.1.4 Make adjustments in the platform and repeat the
procedure as specified in 8.1.3 as necessary.
8.1.5 With certain drop testing machines, it may also be
necessary to check the position at impact both above and below
the approximate mean failure height.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Fill containers with tap water to their nominal fill
capacity and condition them uncapped for 24 h at 23 6 2°C (73
6 3.6°F).
9.2 If the test is intended for immediate quality control, fill
the containers with room temperature water and test at that
A Polaroid Land Camera available from the Polaroid Corp., 741 Main St.,
FIG. 2 Platform Assembly Cambridge, MA, is suitable for this purpose.
D 2
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