ASTM D2463-95(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
Standard Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These procedures provide measures of the drop impact resistance of the group or lot of blown containers from which the test specimens were selected.
These procedures may be used for routine inspection purposes.
These procedures will evaluate the effect of construction, materials, and processing conditions on the impact resistance of the blown containers.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a summation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions, container design, and perhaps other factors.
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height MethodThis procedure is particularly useful for quality control since it is quick.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton Staircase MethodThis procedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the standard deviation of the distribution.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2463–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2463; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope PBI-4 Test for Drop Impact Resistance of Plastic Bottles
1.1 This test method provides measures of the drop impact
3. Terminology
resistance of blow-molded thermoplastic containers as a sum-
3.1 Definitions:
mation of the effects of material, manufacturing conditions,
3.1.1 failure—any rupture visible to an observer with the
container design, and perhaps other factors.
unaided eye and normal eyesight is considered a failure. Any
1.2 Three procedures are provided as follows:
evidence of contained liquid on the outside of the container
1.2.1 Procedure A, Static Drop Height Method—This pro-
through any aperture other than the molded opening is also a
cedureisparticularlyusefulforqualitycontrolsinceitisquick.
failure. Container should be squeezed gently after impact to
1.2.2 Procedure B, Bruceton Staircase Method—This pro-
determine any pinhole type failures. If a cap pops off during
cedure is used to determine the mean failure height and the
impact, consider that sample as a NO TEST and replace the
standard deviation of the distribution.
sample with another container.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only.
4.1 The drop impact resistance is determined by dropping
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
conditioned blow-molded containers filled with water from a
platform onto a prescribed surface. Data developed with a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water-filled container may not be representative of what might
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be expected with a carbonated liquid, an aerosol pack, a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
product of high specific gravity, or a powder of low bulk
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
density.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Procedure A consists of dropping at least 20 contain-
2. Referenced Documents
ers from a fixed height and reporting the percent failures.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1.2 Procedure B consists of dropping at least 20 test
containers from varying heights above and below the mean
B177 Guide for Engineering Chromium Electroplating
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to failure height of the set. A mean failure height and standard
deviation are then calculated from the data.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 Society of Plastics Industry Standard:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These procedures provide measures of the drop impact
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
resistance of the group or lot of blown containers from which
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
the test specimens were selected.
Current edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2463-95 (2001). 5.2 These procedures may be used for routine inspection
DOI: 10.1520/D2463-95R05.
purposes.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1295 K Street, N.W.,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2463–95 (2005)
FIG. 2 Platform Assembly
6.2 A surface on which the containers are dropped consist-
ingofaflathot-rolledsteelplate,orequivalent,withminimum
dimensions of 1000 mm by 1000 mm by 13 mm (36 in. by 36
in. by ⁄2 in.) having an unpolished chrome-plated surface,
platedinaccordancewithPracticeB177,andsecurelyattached
toanindustrialconcretesurfaceorfloor,sothatthelineofdrop
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Dropping Containers
ofthecontainersisperpendiculartothechrome-platedsurface.
6.3 Ameans of measuring the height of the platform above
5.3 These procedures will evaluate the effect of construc-
the impact surface.
tion, materials, and processing conditions on the impact
NOTE 2—If a more stringent impact test is desired, a positioning jig
resistance of the blown containers.
capable of holding a test container at the proper angle for a 45° angle
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
impact may be securely fastened to the platform.When such a jig is used,
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
the drop height must be measured from the lowest part of the container.
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
Precision data are not available for testing under these conditions.
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
materials specification shall take precedence over those men- 7. Test Specimens
tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
7.1 A minimum of 20 containers shall be selected so they
tions, then the default conditions apply.
are representative of the lot being tested for any one of the test
procedures. These shall be fitted with suitable closures.
6. Apparatus
8. Preparation of Apparatus
6.1 Drop Testing Machine (see Fig. 1), having the follow-
ing features:
8.1 Periodically, or before each test series, the platform of
6.1.1 A platform (see Fig. 2) upon which to set the test
thedropimpactmachinemayneedtobeadjustedtoensurethat
specimens, which can be raised or lowered either manually or
thespecimenwillstriketheimpactareasquarelyonthedesired
by means of an electric motor.
surface. If this is necessary, use the following procedure:
6.1.2 The platform shall be adjustable so that it may be
8.1.1 Move the platform to the approximate mean failure
leveled but shall also be stable so that it will not tilt under the
height of the containers to be tested with a specimen on the
weight of the test specimen.
platform in the desired position.
6.1.3 The platform shall be spring-loaded so that upon
8.1.2 Release the platform allowing the specimen to fall
releaseitwillmoverapidlyoutofthepathofthetestspecimen
onto the impact surface.
and will not interfere with its fall.
8.1.3 Take a snapshot picture of the container just before it
6.1.4 A manually or electrically operated platform release
strikes the impact surface. Two photographs shall be taken at
mechanism that will hold the platform securely when being
rightanglestoeachothertoascertainthatthecontainerimpacts
loaded but will release the platform instantaneously and will
as desired—front to back and side to side. The position of the
not interfere with its path of travel.
container relative to the impact surface as it appears in the
photographs will indicate whether or not adjustments in the
platform are necessary.
Suitable equipment may be purchased from Custom Scientific Instruments,
NOTE 3—The camera should be set up approximately 300 mm (12 in.)
Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Whippany, NJ 07981. Detail drawings of this apparatus are
available at a nominal cost from ASTM. Order Adjunct: ADJD2463. above and 1800 mm (72 in.) from the impact area.
D2463–95 (2005)
NOTE 4—The camera from which prints are immediately available is
11. Calculations
most suitable.
11.1 Procedure A:
8.1.4 Make adjustments in the platform and repeat the 11.1.1 The percentage failures is calculated as follows:
procedure as specified in 8.1.3 as necessary.
Failure,% 5 ~X/N! 3100
8.1.5 With certain drop testing machines, it may also be
where:
necessarytocheckthepositionatimpactbothaboveandbelow
X = number of failures, and
the approximate mean failure height.
N = number of containers tested.
11.2 Procedure B (see X1.1 and Table X1.2
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