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ASTM D6529-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm

Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the relatively rapid measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices using standard sets of conditions. The data obtained can be analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have occurred in operating characteristics of the device independently of any variability in feed water characteristics or operating conditions. Under specific circumstances, this test method may also provide sufficient information for plant design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) devices using synthetic feed solutions and is not necessarily applicable to natural waters. This test method is a procedure applicable to solutions with a conductivity range from approximately 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm.  
1.2 This test method covers the determination of operating characteristics under standard test conditions of CEDI devices where the electrically active transfer media therein is predominantly unregenerated. This results in more rapid achievement of steady state and shorter test time than when performing a test which requires the active media be predominantly regenerated.  
1.3 This test method is not necessarily indicative of the following:  
1.3.1 Long-term performance on feed waters containing foulants or sparingly soluble solutes, or both,  
1.3.2 Performance on feeds of brackish water, sea water, or other high-salinity feeds,  
1.3.3 Performance on synthetic industrial feed solutions, pharmaceuticals, or process solutions of foods and beverages, or,  
1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 50 μS/cm, particularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal or particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.  
1.4 This test method, subject to the limitations previously described, can be applied as either an aid to predict expected deionization performance for a given feed water quality, or as a test method to determine whether performance of a given device has changed over some period of time. It is ultimately, however, the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for their specific applications.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2022
ICS
25.220.20 - Surface treatment
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D6529-22 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cmASTM D6529-22 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm
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ASTM D6529-22 - Standard Test Method for Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization Systems on Feeds from 50 μS/cm to 1000 μS/cm
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6529 −22
Standard Test Method for
Operating Performance of Continuous Electrodeionization
1
Systems on Feeds from 50 µS⁄cm to 1000 µS/cm
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6529; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oper-
standard.
ating characteristics of continuous electrodeionization (CEDI)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
devices using synthetic feed solutions and is not necessarily
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applicable to natural waters. This test method is a procedure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applicable to solutions with a conductivity range from approxi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mately 50 µS⁄cm to 1000 µS⁄cm.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This test method covers the determination of operating
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
characteristics under standard test conditions of CEDI devices
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
where the electrically active transfer media therein is predomi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
nantly unregenerated. This results in more rapid achievement
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of steady state and shorter test time than when performing a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test which requires the active media be predominantly regen-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
erated.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This test method is not necessarily indicative of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
following:
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
1.3.1 Long-term performance on feed waters containing
tivity of Water
foulants or sparingly soluble solutes, or both,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.3.2 Performance on feeds of brackish water, sea water, or
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
other high-salinity feeds,
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
1.3.3 Performance on synthetic industrial feed solutions,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
pharmaceuticals, or process solutions of foods and beverages,
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
or,
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
1.3.4 Performance on feed waters less than 50 µS⁄cm,
particularly performance relating to organic solutes, colloidal 3. Terminology
or particulate matter, or biological or microbial matter.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.4 This test method, subject to the limitations previously
described, can be applied as either an aid to predict expected
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
deionization performance for a given feed water quality, or as
3.2.1 cell, n—an independently fed ion-depleting chamber
a test method to determine whether performance of a given
formed by two adjacent ion-exchange membranes, or by a
device has changed over some period of time. It is ultimately,
membrane and an adjacent electrode.
however, the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this
3.2.2 continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) device, n—a
test method for their specific applications.
device that removes ionized and ionizable species from liquids
using electrically active media and using an electrical potential
to influence ion transport, where the ionic transport properties
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibilities of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
2
Exchange Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin2000.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asD6529–11,whichwas Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
withdrawn in July 2020 and reinstated in October 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D6529-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...

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4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.  
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4.1 TSCs are used in a number of critical industrial components. TSCs can be expected to contain measurable levels of porosity and linear detachment. Accurate and consistent evaluation of specimens is essential to ensure the integrity of the coating and proper adherence to the substrate.  
4.1.1 Example 1: By use of inappropriate metallographic methods, the apparent amount of porosity and linear detachment displayed by a given specimen can be increased, by excessive edge rounding, or decreased by smearing of material into voids. Therefore inaccurate levels of porosity and linear detachment will be reported even when the accuracy of the measurement technique is acceptable.  
4.1.2 Example 2: Inconsistent metallographic preparation methods can cause the apparent amount of voids to vary excessively indicating a poorly controlled thermal spray process, while the use of consistent practice will regularly display the true microstructure and verify the consistency of the thermal spray process.  
4.2 During the development of TSC procedures, metallographic information is necessary to validate the efficacy of a specific application.  
4.3 Cross sections are usually taken perpendicular to the long axis of the specimen and prepared to reveal information concerning the following:  
4.3.1 Variations in structure from surface to substrate,  
4.3.2 The distribution of unmelted particles throughout the coating,  
4.3.3 The distribution of linear detachment throughout the coating,  
4.3.4 The distribution of porosity throughout the coating,  
4.3.5 The presence of contamination within the coating,  
4.3.6 The thickness of the coating (top coat and bond coat, where applicable),  
4.3.7 The presence of interfacial contamination,  
4.3.8 The integrity of the interface between the coating and substrate, and,  
4.3.9 The integrity of the coating microstructure with respect to chemistry.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for sectioning, cleaning, mounting, grinding, and polishing to reveal the microstructural features of thermal sprayed coatings (TSCs) and the substrates to which they are applied when examined microscopically. Because of the diversity of available equipment, the wide variety of coating and substrate combinations, and the sensitivity of these specimens to preparation technique, the existence of a series of recommended methods for metallographic preparation of thermal sprayed coating specimens is helpful. Adherence to this guide will provide practitioners with consistent and reproducible results. Additional information concerning standard practices for metallographic preparation can be found in Guide E3.  
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ASTM E2109-01(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 TSCs are susceptible to the formation of porosity due to a lack of fusion between sprayed particles or the expansion of gases generated during the spraying process. The determination of area percent porosity is important in order to monitor the effect of variable spray parameters and the suitability of a coating for its intended purpose. Depending on application, some or none of this porosity may be tolerable.  
4.2 These test methods cover the determination of the area percentage porosity of TSCs. Method A is a manual, direct comparison method utilizing the seven standard images in Figs. 1-7 which depict typical distributions of porosity in TSCs. Method B is an automated technique requiring the use of a computerized image analyzer.
FIG. 1 — 0.5 % Porosity  
FIG. 2 — 1.0 % Porosity  
FIG. 3 — 2.0 % Porosity  
FIG. 4 — 5.0 % Porosity  
FIG. 5 — 8.0 % Porosity  
FIG. 6 — 10.0 % Porosity  
FIG. 7 — 15.0 % Porosity  
4.3 These methods quantify area percent porosity only on the basis of light reflectivity from a metallographically polished cross section. See Guide E1920 for recommended metallographic preparation procedures.  
4.4 The person using these test methods must be familiar with the visual features of TSCs and be able to determine differences between inherent porosity and oxides. The individual must be aware of the possible types of artifacts that may be created during sectioning and specimen preparation, for example, pullouts and smearing, so that results are reported only on properly prepared specimens. Examples of properly prepared specimens are shown in Figs. 8-10. If there are doubts as to the integrity of the specimen preparation it is suggested that other means be used to confirm microstructural features. This may include energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) or cryogenic fracture of the coating followed by analysis of the fractured surfaces with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
FIG. 8 Ni/Al T...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to perform porosity ratings on metallographic specimens of thermal sprayed coatings (TSCs) prepared in accordance with Guide E1920 by direct comparison to standard images and via the use of automatic image analysis equipment.  
1.2 These test methods deal only with recommended measuring methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any measured value of porosity.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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