ASTM D4942-89(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer
Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4942 – 89 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a
Laboratory Mixer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope larger particle size than those typically produced in printing
nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determin-
process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict
ing the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks
lithographic printing performance.
in a laboratory mixer.
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test
4. Apparatus
Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods
4.1 Laboratory Mixer, such as a Duke Ink-Water Emulsi-
are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the
fication Tester equipped with a stainless steel specimen bowl
lithographic printing process.
83 mm wide and 88 mm high, mixer blades that rotate at 90
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
r/min, and a timing device.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g, 600-g capacity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Palette knives, two.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.4 Thermometer, quick response.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.5 pH Meter (optional).
2. Summary of Test Methods 4.6 Conductivity Meter (optional).
4.7 Graduated Cylinder, 50 or 100-mL.
2.1 These test methods utilize a laboratory mixer for beating
water or other agreed upon fluid into the test ink.
5. Reagents and Materials
2.2 For single-point water pickup (Test Method A), 50 mL
5.1 Water—Deionized or distilled water, preferably having
of water is normally added to 50 g of ink and mixed in for 5
a pH of 5.0 to 7.0 (100 to 200 mL per sample); alternatively,
min. The water picked up is determined from volumetric
fountain solution or other aqueous medium as agreed upon
measurements of free water.
between the supplier and the customer may be used.
2.3 For rate of water pickup (Test Method B), water is added
5.2 Cleanup Materials—Naptha and rags or tissues.
to 50 g of ink in increments of 20 mL and mixed in for 1 min
or more over a cumulative time period totaling 10 min. The
6. Test Specimen
water taken up by the ink after each mixing interval is
6.1 A minimum of 100 g is sufficient for two determina-
determined gravimetrically.
tions. Before removing ink from the can, stir or otherwise
ensure that the ink specimen is representative. Close the can
3. Significance and Use
and replace sealing tape immediately after each ink removal.
3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some
dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test
7. Conditioning
methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup
7.1 Condition the instrument, water, and ink samples in a
under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for
constant temperature room or bath, preferably at 23 6 1°C.
specification acceptance between the supplier and the cus-
7.2 Prior to use, check the alignment of the mixer blades.
tomer.
With the power switch of the mixer in the off position, set the
3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run
clean bowl into the turntable and engage the locking pin firmly
at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of
into the slot in the side of the turntable. Tilt the mixer head
liquid added prior to mixing.
back and insert the blades, marked left and right, into their
3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of
respective holders. Lower the mixer head. If the blades hit the
side or bottom of the bowl, return the instrument to the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks. Available from Duke Custom Systems, 8371 Highway 49, Pleasant View, TN
Current edition approved April 28, 1989. Published June 1989. 37146.
D 4942
manufacturer for realignment. 9.2 Optional—Measure water properties in accordance with
8.2.
8. Test Method A—Single Point Water Pickup (by 9.3 Weigh or tare the clean dry mixing bowl and blades on
Volumetry)
the balance. Add 50 6 0.1 g of ink to the center of the bowl.
9.4 Lock the bowl on the platform of the mixer. With the
8.1 Program the counter of the mixer for 5 min mixing time
mixer head raised, carefully insert the blades into their respec-
(450 revolutions).
tive holders. If ink on one blade touches the upper parts of the
8.2 Optional—If the first run of the day, pour test water into
other blade or the side of the bowl, carefully remove the ink
a beaker. Measure pH, conductivity, and temperature at the
with two palette knives and transfer to the bottom of the bowl.
beginning of testing.
Lower the mixer head.
8.3 Weigh or tare the clean dry mixing bowl. Add 50 6 0.1
9.5 Pour 100 mL of water (from 8.2) into a beaker. Meter
g of the ink to the center of the bowl.
out 20 mL and add to the bowl.
8.4 Pour 50 mL of water (from 8.2) into a graduated
9.6 Press the counter reset button, making sure that the
cylinder. If the ink is expected to pick up more than 100 %
desired number of revolutions is displayed on the face of the
water, use 100 mL of water. Adjust the volume to 60.5 mL.
counter. Turn the mixer on. Examine the contents of the bowl
Add the entire contents to the bowl.
as mixing progresses. If all liquid disappears into the ink, add
8.5 With the mixer head tilted back insert the clean blades,
more as needed to maintain a layer of excess water on the
marked left and right, into their respective holders. Lock the
surface of the ink.
bowl on the turntable. Lower the mixer head. Press the counter
reset button, making sure that 450 is displayed on the face of
NOTE 4—Few specimens will take up more than 20 mL of water within
the counter.
a 1-min mixing interval. If a high-water pickup specimen is being run and
8.6 Turn the mixer on. Examine contents of the bowl as the mixing interval is longer than 1 min, another 20 mL should be added
prior to each subsequent minute of mixing time.
mixing progresses. If 50 mL of water had been added and all
of it disappears into the ink, stop, discard the ink in the bowl,
9.7 When the mixer stops, turn the power switch off. Detach
clean up, and start over from 8.3, adding 100 mL of water in
the mixing blades and add to the bowl.
8.4. The latter quantity must also be used for all other inks in
9.8 Remove the bowl from the turntable and, holding the
the series under study.
blades at the side of the bowl, decant the free water into the
beaker containing the unused water. Run the blades very slowly
NOTE 1—With
...
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