ASTM D4145-10(2018)

Standard Test Method for Coating Flexibility of Prepainted Sheet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Organic coatings on precoated sheet are subjected to stresses when fabricated into products by roll forming, brake bending, or other deformation processes. These stresses can exceed the flexibility or adhesive strength of the coating, resulting in fracture of the coating which exposes the substrate, or in the loss of adhesion of the coating to the substrate. This test is a means of evaluating the ability of a coating system to withstand the stresses of fabrication.  
4.2 The bend direction, whether the axis of bend is transverse to or along the rolling direction of the metal, and the temperature of the specimen when it is bent can affect the results of this test and should be agreed upon between the supplier and the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the flexibility and adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on metallic substrates that are deformed by bending when the sheet is fabricated into building panels or other products.  
1.2 The metal substrate must be capable of passing this test without fracturing and with no excessive grain development.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.53 - Coil Coated Metal

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4145 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
Coating Flexibility of Prepainted Sheet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope being when failures no longer occur. The panels may be
examined with or without low magnification (5 to 10×) after
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
each bend in order to determine if the coating fractured
the flexibility and adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on
(cracked). If loss of adhesion or pickoff is to be determined,
metallic substrates that are deformed by bending when the
this examination shall occur after performing a tape pull-off
sheet is fabricated into building panels or other products.
test.
1.2 The metal substrate must be capable of passing this test
without fracturing and with no excessive grain development.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Organic coatings on precoated sheet are subjected to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
stresses when fabricated into products by roll forming, brake
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
bending, or other deformation processes. These stresses can
and are not considered standard.
exceed the flexibility or adhesive strength of the coating,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resultinginfractureofthecoatingwhichexposesthesubstrate,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or in the loss of adhesion of the coating to the substrate. This
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test is a means of evaluating the ability of a coating system to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
withstand the stresses of fabrication.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 The bend direction, whether the axis of bend is trans-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
verse to or along the rolling direction of the metal, and the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
temperature of the specimen when it is bent can affect the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
results of this test and should be agreed upon between the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
supplier and the user.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Apparatus
2. Terminology
5.1 A means of holding one end of the specimen rigidly
whilemakingthebendisneeded.Damagetothecoatingwhile
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
making the bend must be avoided. Various bending tools such
2.1.1 T-bend, n—a description of the severity of a bend in
as a vise with smooth jaws or with smooth inserts, a bend
terms of the gauge or thickness (t) of the sheet to which the
formingtool(Fig.2),abrakepress(Fig.3)oracombinationof
coating has been applied; as used in this test method, the
tools have been found to be satisfactory.
T-bend rating is the minimum number of thicknesses of metal
aroundwhichthecoatedsheetisbent(Fig.1),orifbentaround
5.2 IfthemetalisnotbentarounditselfasinFig.1,aseries
a die, the number of thicknesses of metal equivalent to the
of bending dies with smoothly rounded ends may be used as
diameter of the die to achieve no fracture or removal of the
guides around which the specimen is bent (Fig. 4).
coating.
5.3 Bend Forming Tool.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.3.1 A manual or automated operation forming tool ca-
pableoffacilitatingtheT-bendingofasamplemaybeused.An
3.1 Prepainted panels are bent 180° around progressively
arbor press with an appropriate fixed V-shaped die and move-
morethicknessesofmetalorlargerdiameterdies,theendpoint
able wedge has been found to be satisfactory for this purpose.
1
5.4 Magnifier.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5.4.1 A magnifier capable of 5 to 10× magnification for
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
examining the specimen for coating fracture and pickoff after
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
testing. A stereomicroscope has been found useful for this
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4145–10. DOI:
10.1520/D4145-10R18. purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4145 − 10 D4145 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
Coating Flexibility of Prepainted Sheet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the flexibility and adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on metallic
substrates that are deformed by bending when the sheet is fabricated into building panels or other products.
1.2 The metal substrate must be capable of passing this test without fracturing and with no excessive grain development.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 T-bend, n—a description of the severity of a bend in terms of the gauge or thickness (t) of the sheet to which the coating
has been applied; as used in this test method, the T-bend rating is the minimum number of thicknesses of metal around which the
coated sheet is bent (Fig. 1), or if bent around a die, the number of thicknesses of metal equivalent to the diameter of the die to
achieve no fracture or removal of the coating.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Prepainted panels are bent 180° around progressively more thicknesses of metal or larger diameter dies, the end point being
when failures no longer occur. The panels may be examined with or without low magnification (5 to 10×) after each bend in order
to determine if the coating fractured (cracked). If loss of adhesion or pickoff is to be determined, this examination shall occur after
performing a tape pull-off test.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Organic coatings on precoated sheet are subjected to stresses when fabricated into products by roll forming, brake bending,
or other deformation processes. These stresses can exceed the flexibility or adhesive strength of the coating, resulting in fracture
of the coating which exposes the substrate, or in the loss of adhesion of the coating to the substrate. This test is a means of
evaluating the ability of a coating system to withstand the stresses of fabrication.
4.2 The bend direction, whether the axis of bend is transverse to or along the rolling direction of the metal, and the temperature
of the specimen when it is bent can affect the results of this test and should be agreed upon between the supplier and the user.
5. Apparatus
5.1 A means of holding one end of the specimen rigidly while making the bend is needed. Damage to the coating while making
the bend must be avoided. Various bending tools such as a vise with smooth jaws or with smooth inserts, a bend forming tool (Fig.
2), a brake press (Fig. 3) or a combination of tools have been found to be satisfactory.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2018. Published August 2010September 2018. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20022010
as D4145 – 83 (2002).D4145 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4145-10.10.1520/D4145-10R18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4145 − 10 (2018)
NOTE 1—The above bends are expanded for clarity. They are actually flat against themselves in the test.
FIG. 1 T-Bend Test in Which the Coated Specimen is Be
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