ASTM D1828-96
(Practice)Standard Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and Structures
Standard Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and Structures
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the procedure for the direct exposure of adhesive bonded joints and structures to natural atmospheric environments.
1.2 The procedure for sheltered atmospheric exposure, such as a Stevenson screen (1), of adhesive-bonded joints and specimens is the same except for the requirements of facing south and measurement of solar radiation.
1.3 This practice is limited to the procedure by which samples are exposed and does not cover the tests that may be used to evaluate the effects of atmospheric exposure on these adhesive-bonded joints and structures. These samples could be any one of several varieties.
1.3.1 A complete structure for test,
1.3.2 A section of a structure for test,
1.3.3 A complete structure or section with strength observations on specimens cut therefrom,
1.3.4 Test specimens themselves, or
1.3.5 Any of the above, mounted under stress.
1.4 Suitable test methods for evaluation of the effects of exposure include nondestructive qualitative or quantitative observations on the same sample at prescribed intervals, or destructive tests on separate sets of specimens in accordance with such tests as Test Method D 1002.
Note 1—See Test Methods D 896 and D 897.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 1828 – 96
Standard Practice for
Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and
Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 896 Test Method for Resistance of Adhesive Bonds to
Chemical Reagents
1.1 This practice defines the procedure for the direct expo-
D 897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive
sure of adhesive bonded joints and structures to natural
Bonds
atmospheric environments.
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
1.2 The procedure for sheltered atmospheric exposure, such
D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
as a Stevenson screen (1), of adhesive-bonded joints and
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
specimens is the same except for the requirements of facing
sion Loading (Metal-To-Metal)
south and measurement of solar radiation.
1.3 This practice is limited to the procedure by which
3. Terminology
samples are exposed and does not cover the tests that may be
3.1 Definitions:
used to evaluate the effects of atmospheric exposure on these
3.1.1 Many terms used in this practice are defined in
adhesive-bonded joints and structures. These samples could be
Terminology D 907.
any one of several varieties.
1.3.1 A complete structure for test,
4. Significance and Use
1.3.2 A section of a structure for test,
4.1 The atmospheric exposure tests described in this prac-
1.3.3 A complete structure or section with strength obser-
tice will evaluate the stability of the adhesive bond only in
vations on specimens cut therefrom,
terms of a particular natural atmosphere. Since the atmospheric
1.3.4 Test specimens themselves, or
conditions vary greatly from year to year, these results will not
1.3.5 Any of the above, mounted under stress.
be as reproducible as those derived from laboratory aging
1.4 Suitable test methods for evaluation of the effects of
procedures. Considerable research has shown that laboratory
exposure include nondestructive qualitative or quantitative
artificial weathering tests will not give consistently good
observations on the same sample at prescribed intervals, or
correlation with outdoor test exposures (2, 3, 4).
destructive tests on separate sets of specimens in accordance
with such tests as Test Method D 1002.
5. Exposure Sites
NOTE 1—See Test Methods D 896 and D 897.
5.1 The choice of exposure sites is dependent upon the
objective of the particular test program.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.2 In the cases of both metallic and nonmetallic adherends,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
choose exposure sites to include variations in average tempera-
only.
ture (and temperature range), relative humidity, and precipita-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Racks—Expose the sample on racks which are so
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
positioned that the exposed surfaces are at an angle of 45 ° to
2. Referenced Documents
the horizontal and facing true south. Exceptions to the direction
that the specimens face will be permitted in the case of beach
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exposures, where the specimens usually face parallel to the
beach. Place racks on a supporting frame high enough and so
constructed that there will be no background for a distance of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on Adhesives
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
published as D 1828 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 1828 – 91. Blueprints of ASTM standard racks and pipe frames may be obtained from
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
this practice. Request Adjunct No. ADJD1828.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1828
at least 30 cm (11.8 in.) in any direction from the back of 8. Procedure
specimens mounted on them. When the frame is positioned on
8.1 Prior to exposure, condition all samples at the standard
soil, ensure that the distance between the bottom edge of any
conditions of 23.0 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F) and 50 6 2 % relative
specimen and the plane of the cleared area great enough to
humidity for not less than 40 h. Then test a control of the
prevent any undesirable effects of grass or plant growth during
number of specimens required by the test specifications and
the period of exposure. In case of roof exposure, ensure that
record the results. Store a second control at standard conditions
surrounding walls do not shade the specimens or impede the air
of 23.0 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity
flow over them. Design the racks that samples or specimens
to be tested at the conclusion of the exposure period.
will be affixed directly to the rack by means of a clamping
8.2 Inscribe the specimens to be exposed with an identifying
device made of an inert, insulating material that will allow
number, letter, or symbol so that they are readily identified
them to expand or contract with thermal and humidity changes.
after exposure. Ensure that the identifier does not interfere with
6.2 Climatological Instruments—If detailed information is
either the exposure or subsequent testing.
necessary, operate instruments suitable for determining aver-
8.3 Measure the dimensions and note the appearance of the
age daily temperature, average daily relative humidity, and
test specimens in accordance with the exposure test specifica-
total daily rainfall at or near each of the exposure sites (6, 7, 8).
tions and record these values.
If such instruments are available at some already existing
NOTE 5—If appearance of the adhesive as observed through the
installation or U. S. Weather Bureau Station in the vicinity of
adherend is one of the factors of the test program, a system of uniform
any site, the records from these are to be considered satisfac-
observation based on intensity and discoloration on an area basis should
tory (Note 2). If complete characterization of climatological
be developed.
conditions is necessary (for transparent adherends, for in-
8.4 Affix the specimens to the exposure racks by means of
stance), make a record of total daily solar radiation, reported
inert insulating materials with the edge of the overlap on the
MJ/m (langleys) (Note 3).
exposed face parallel to the ground and facing downward.
NOTE 2—Weather may vary appreciably at two locations only a
8.5 Test for a minimum of one year, unless a shorter time is
relatively short distance apart. It must be established to the satisfaction of
necessary because
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