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ASTM D5866-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)

Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantity and size of neps in cotton using the AFIS-N instrument.
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for testing raw and processed cotton fibers.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5866-95 - Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5866-12 - Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1441-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D5866-05 - Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)ASTM D5866-05 - Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)
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ASTM D5866-05 - Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5866 − 05
StandardTest Method for
1
Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope located at optimum angles to the light source. The detected
light from the fibers and neps generate voltages and respective
1.1 This test method covers the quantity and size of neps in
waveforms.
cotton using the AFIS-N instrument.
4.2 The AFIS-N instrument counts the number of neps
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for testing raw
detected and measures the size (diameter) of each nep in a 0.4
and processed cotton fibers.
to 0.6-g specimen. Test data are presented in a histogram
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
showing the mean or average nep size and the total number of
standard.
neps.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method provides a consistent and repeatable
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measurement of fiber nep count and size. Standard check
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cottons are supplied by the manufacturer to ensure consistent
measurement levels and laboratory-to-laboratory precision.
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.2 Results of the instrument correlate well to eye counts
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from card web samples. The instrument is more sensitive than
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
the human eye, giving the instrument a higher level of count
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
than is normally counted by the human eye.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 5.3 This test method is an objective way to count neps in
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
rawandprocessedcottonbecausethereisnooperatorinfluence
on nep count or size.
3. Terminology
5.4 Neps are made by one or more of the various mechani-
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to Termi-
calprocessesfromcottonharvestingtospinning.Foralmostall
nology D7139.
types of yarn or fabric, neps are considered defects. The
3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: nep.
measurement of nep size and quantity going into, and coming
out of, a process is used to make adjustments in machinery to
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
reduce or eliminate the manufacture of neps.
Terminology D123.
5.5 This test method for determination of the quantity and
4. Summary of Test Method
size of neps in cotton samples used in the trade and is
4.1 Fibers in a specimen are individualized and cleaned by considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
an aeromechanical separator, then transported by an airstream shipmentswhentheleveloftestsresultsinthelaboratoryofthe
to an optical sensor. Fibers and neps pass through an infrared purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier are controlled by
light source. The scattered light is measured by detectors the use of the same laboratory control samples.
5.5.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported
test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5866 – 95. DOI:
10.1520/D5866-05.
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5866 − 05
FIG. 1 Front View of the AFIS-N Instrument
FIG. 3 Schematic of a AFIS Optical Sensor
7. S
...

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ASTM D2462-22(Test Method)
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5.1 Test Method D2462 for the determination of the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is the preferred method for testing wool for moisture for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If, however, the purchaser and the supplier agree, Test Method D1576 for the determination of the moisture in wool by oven drying may be used instead. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in ordinary commercial and industrial samples of wool in all forms except grease wool, using the oven-drying technique.  
1.2 Formulas for calculating the moisture content (as-received basis) and moisture regain (oven-dried basis) are given. It is always important to use the correct term which corresponds to the basis used in the calculation (see 12.2.1).  
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ASTM D1574-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers

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5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
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5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.  
5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use with other animal fibers.  
Note 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 and Note 3.  
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ASTM D1294-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
Note 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

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5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
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FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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