ASTM D4394-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium that produces a constant normal displacement of the loaded surface area of the medium.
This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load.
1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
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Designation: D4394 − 08
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus
Fluids
of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
method.
Rock for Site Exploration
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit
D4395Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi-
Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading
fications it could be conducted at the surface.
Method
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per-
D4403Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the
D4879Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
design load.
ground Openings in Rock
D5079Practices for Preserving andTransporting Rock Core
1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be
Samples
reported in another standard.
D5434Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
1.5 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the
of Soil and Rock
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Practice D6026.
Data
1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
D6032Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designa-
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
tion (RQD) of Rock Core
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this 3. Terminology
standard is beyond its scope.
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
Terminology, D653.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.1 deflection—movement of the rigid plate, mortar pad,
and are not considered standard.
or rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied
load.
1.7 Thereferencesappendedtothisstandardcontainfurther
information on this test method.
3.2.2 load—total force acting on the rock face.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.3 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the stress-strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- obtained from successive pressure cycles (see Fig. 1).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 recovery modulus of deformation—the tangent modu-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific
lus of the unloading stress-strain curve. This modulus is
precaution statements, see Section 8.
usuallyhigherthantheothermoduliandisusedincalculations
where unloading conditions exist. The difference between the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4394–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4394-08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4394 − 08
4.2 Amortar pad and rigid metal plate are installed against
eachfaceandahydraulicloadingsystemisplacedbetweenthe
rigid plates.
4.3 If deflection is to be measured within the rock mass,
extensometer instruments shall be installed in the rock in
accordance with Practice D4403.
4.4 The two faces are loaded and unloaded incrementally
and the deformations of the rock mass at the surfaces and, if
desired, within the rock, are measured after each increment.
The modulus of deformation
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4394–04 Designation:D4394–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock
1
Mass Using the Rigid Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of
deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications
it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design
load.
1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5All observed 1.5 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding
established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2113Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for
Site Investigation
D 4395 Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Flexible Plate Loading
Method
D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
D 4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Underground Openings in Rock
D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D 6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology, D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 deflection—movement of the rigid plate, mortar pad, or rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied load.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004.2008. Published July 2004.August 2008. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D4394–84(1998).D 4394 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4394–08
3.2.2 load—total force acting on the rock face.
3.2.3 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of the stress - strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves
obtained from successive pressure cycles (see Fig. 1).
3.2.4 recovery modulus of deformation—the tangent modulus of the unloading stress - strain curve. This modulus is usually
higher than the other moduli and is used in calculation
...
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