ASTM D4394-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Rigid Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Rigid Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium that produces a constant normal displacement of the loaded surface area of the medium.
This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load.
1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section .
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4394–04
Standard Test Method for
Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock
1
Mass Using the Rigid Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test
D 2113 Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Inves-
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus
tigation
of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading
D 4395 Test Method for Determining the In Situ Modulus
method.
of Deformation of Rock Mass Using the Flexible Plate
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit
Loading Method
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi-
D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
fications it could be conducted at the surface.
D 4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per-
ground Openings in Rock
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the
D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock
design load.
Core Sample
1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explora-
reported in another standard.
tions of Soil and Rock
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
cal Data
Practice D 6026.
D 6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Desig-
1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
nation (RQD) of Rock Core
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
3. Terminology
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
standard is beyond its scope.
Terminology, D 653.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as the standard.
3.2.1 deflection—movement of the rigid plate, mortar pad,
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further
or rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied
information on this test method.
load.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 load—total force acting on the rock face.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the stress - strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtained from successive pressure cycles (see Fig. 1).
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific
3.2.4 recovery modulus of deformation—the tangent modu-
precaution statements, see Section 8.
lus of the unloading stress - strain curve. This modulus is
2. Referenced Documents usually higher than the other moduli and is used in calculations
2
where unloading conditions exist. The difference between the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tangent and recovery moduli indicates that material’s capacity
of hysteresis or energy dissipation capabilities (see Fig. 2).
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
3.2.5 rigid plate—plate with deflection of less than 0.0001
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
in. (0.0025 mm) from center to edge of plate, when maximum
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
load is applied.
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4394 – 84 (1998).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D4394–04
4.4 The two faces are loaded and unloaded incrementally
and the deformations of the rock mass at the surfaces and, if
desired, within the rock, are measured after each increment.
The modulus of deformation is then calculated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Results of this type of test method are used to predict
displ
...
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