ASTM E1191-03a(2023)

Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.  
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.  
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.  
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).4  
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water (2). Most such predictions take into account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions.  
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials.  
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for predicting population effects on the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.  
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.  
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.  
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Guide  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Hazards  
7  
Apparatus  
6  
Facilities  
6.1  
Construction Materials  
6.2  
Metering System  
6.3  
Test Chambers  
6.4  
Cleaning  
6.5  
Acceptability  
6.6  
Dilution Water  
8  
Requirements  
8.1  
Source  
8.2  
Treatment  
8.3  
Characterizat...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2022
• ICS: 13.300 - Protection against dangerous goods
• Technical Committee: E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
• Drafting Committee: E50.47 - Biological Effects and Environmental Fate

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1191 − 03a (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
1.1 Thisguidedescribesproceduresforobtaininglaboratory
Construction Materials 6.2
data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to Metering System 6.3
Test Chambers 6.4
dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater
Cleaning 6.5
mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after
Acceptability 6.6
birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the Dilution Water 8
Requirements 8.1
flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be
Source 8.2
usefulforconductinglife-cycletoxicitytestswithotherspecies
Treatment 8.3
Characterization 8.4
of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
Test Material 9
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-
General 9.1
Stock Solution 9.2
fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
priate procedures is more important than following prescribed
Test Organisms 10
procedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualprocedures
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests.
Source 10.3
Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodified
Brood Stock 10.4
versions of these procedures might provide useful information
Food 10.5
Handling 10.6
on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle
Harvesting Young 10.7
toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.
Quality 10.8
Procedure 11
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either
Experimental Design 11.1
individually or in formulations, commercial products, or
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the Temperature 11.3
Beginning the Test 11.4
necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate
Feeding 11.5
modifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtoconducttestson
Cleaning 11.6
Duration of Test 11.7
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials
Biological Data 11.8
as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils,
Other Measurements 11.9
particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
Analytical Methodology 12
Acceptability of Test 13
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Calculation 14
Documentation 15
Section
Keywords 16
Appendix
Referenced Documents 2
X1. Statistical Guidance
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Significance and Use 5
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Hazards 7
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Assessment,RiskManagementandCorrectiveActionandisthedirectresponsibility
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1191–03a(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/E1191-03AR23. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1191 − 03a (2023)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- (1) a measure of the acceptability of the test by giving an
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical indicationofthequalityofthemysidsandthesuitabilityofthe
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. dilution water, food, test conditions, and handling procedures
and (2) the basis for interpreting data obtained from the other
2. Referenced Documents
treatments. In each of the one or more other treatments, the
2.1 ASTM Standards: mysids are maintained in dilution water to which a selected
concentrationoftestmaterialhasbeenadded.Specifieddataon
E729Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib- theconcentrationoftestmaterial,andthesurvival,growth,and
reproduction of the mysids are obtained and analyzed to
ians
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi- determine the effect(s) of the test material on survival, growth,
and reproduction of the test organisms.
ronmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023)
E1023Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to
5. Significance and Use
Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
E1192Guide for ConductingAcute Toxicity Tests onAque-
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unaccept-
ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,
able effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the
Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is con-
E1203Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for
ducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights
Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology (Withdrawn 2013)
of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test
IEEE/ASTM SI 10American National Standard for Use of
material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health
System
and uses of the species.
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
3. Terminology
predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field
3.1 Thewords“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”
situationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions.
have very specific meanings in this guide.
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
3.1.1 “Must” is used to express an absolute requirement,
compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the
that is, to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy the
chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the
specified condition, unless the purpose of the test requires a
effectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.
differentdesign.“Must”isonlyusedinconnectionwithfactors
that directly relate to the acceptability of the test (see 13.1).
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an
3.1.2 “Should”isusedtostatethatthespecifiedconditionis
important consideration when assessing the hazards of materi-
recommended and ought to be met if possible. Although
als to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving
violationofone“should”israrelyaseriousmatter,violationof
water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).
several will often render the results questionable. Terms such
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful
as“isdesirable,”“isoftendesirable,”and“mightbedesirable”
for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test
are used in connection with less important factors.
materialwiththesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanother
3.1.3 “May” is used to mean “is (are) allowed to,” “can” is
species in the same or a different water (2). Most such
used to mean “is (are) able to,” and “might” is used to mean
predictionstakeintoaccountresultsofacutetoxicitytests,and
“could possibly.” Therefore, the classic distinction between
so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with
may and can is preserved, and might is never used as a
mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an
synonym for either may or can.
acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisguide,referto
conditions.
Guide E729, Terminology E943, and Guide E1023. For an
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
explanation of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
for studying the biological availability of, and structure-
activity relationships between, test materials.
4. Summary of Guide
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
4.1 In each of two or more treatments, saltwater mysids of
forpredictingpopulationeffectsonthesamespeciesinanother
one species are maintained in two or more test chambers from
water or with another species in the same or a different water
immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduc-
(3).
tion in a flow-through system. In each of the one or more
controltreatments,themysidsaremaintainedindilutionwater,
6. Apparatus
to which no test material has been added, in order to provide
6.1 Facilities—Flow-through or recirculating brood-stock
tanks and flow-through, but not recirculating, test chambers
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
www.astm.org. this guide.
E1191 − 03a (2023)
should be maintained in constant-temperature areas or recircu- and permit the supply of selected concentration(s) of test
lating water baths.An elevated headbox might be desirable so materialinareproduciblefashion(see9.3and11.1.1).Various
dilutionwatercanbegravity-fedintobrood-stocktanksandthe metering systems, using different combinations of syringes,
metering system (see 6.3), which mixes and delivers test dipping birds, siphons, pumps, saturators, solenoids, and
solutionstothetestchambers.Strainersandairtrapsshouldbe valves have been used successfully to control the concentra-
included in the water supply system. Headboxes and brood- tionsoftestmaterialin,andtheflowratesof,testsolutions(see
stock tanks should be equipped for temperature control and Guide E729).
aeration (see 8.3). Air used for aeration should be free of
6.3.2 The metering system should be calibrated before the
fumes, oil, and water; filters to remove oil and water are
testbydeterminingtheflowratethrougheachtestchamberand
desirable. Filtration of air through a 0.22-µm bacterial filter
measuring either the concentration of test material in each test
might be desirable. The facility should be well ventilated and
chamber or the volume of solution used in each portion of the
free of fumes. To further reduce the possibility of contamina- meteringsystem.Thegeneraloperationofthemeteringsystem
tion by test materials and other substances, especially volatile
should be visually checked twice daily, in the morning and
ones, the brood-stock tanks should not be in a room in which afternoon, throughout the test. The metering system should be
toxicitytestsareconducted,stocksolutionsortestsolutionsare
adjusted during the test if necessary and any malfunction or
prepared, or equipment is cleaned. During culture and testing,
adjustment should be noted in the study records.
organisms should be shielded from disturbances with curtains
6.3.3 The flow rate through each test chamber should be at
or partitions to prevent unnecessary stress. A timing device
least five volume additions per 24 h. It is usually desirable to
should be used to provide either a 14-h light and 10-h dark or
construct the metering system to provide at least ten volume
a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. A 15 to 30-min
additionsper24hincasethereisrapidlossoftestmaterialdue
transition period (4) should be provided whenever lights go on
to microbial degradation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis,
or off to reduce the possibility of mysids being stressed by
reduction, sorption, or volatilization (see 11.4.2). At any
instantaneous changes in light intensity. In the natural
particular time during the test, the flow rates through any two
environment, the normal vertical migration of mysids allows
test chambers should not differ by more than 10%. Flow rates
gradual acclimation to light intensity. Under artificial labora-
through all test chambers may be equally changed simultane-
tory conditions, some mysids exhibit an escape response to
ously during the test as long as the test temperature (see 11.3)
sudden increases or decreases in light intensity resulting in
and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and test material
jumping and impingement on the sides of test chambers or
(see 11.4.1 and 11.9.3) remain acceptable (see 11.3, 11.9, and
compartments.
13).
6.2 Construction Materials—Equipment and facilities that
6.4 Test Chambers:
contact stock solutions, test solutions, or any water into which
6.4.1 Inatoxicitytestwithaquaticorganisms,testchambers
mysidswillbeplacedshouldnotcontainsubstancesthatcanbe
are defined as the smallest physical units between which there
leached or dissolved by aqueous solutions in amounts that
are no water connections. However, screens and cups may be
adversely affect mysids. In addition, equipment and facilities
usedtocreatetwoormorecompartmentswithineachchamber.
that contact stock solutions or test solutions should be chosen
Therefore, test solution can flow from one compartment to
to minimize sorption of test materials from water. Glass, Type
another within a test chamber, but, by definition, cannot flow
316 stainless steel, nylon, Teflon, and fluorocarbon plastics
from one chamber to another. Because solution can flow from
should be used whenever possible to minimize dissolution,
one compartment to another in the same test chamber, the
leaching, and sorption. Stainless steel should not be used for
temperature, concentration of test material, and levels of
tests on metals. Concrete and rigid plastics may be used for
pathogens and extraneous contaminants are likely to be more
brood-stock tanks and in the water supply, but they should be
similar between compartments in the same test chamber than
soaked, preferably in flowing dilution water, for a week or
between compartments in different test chambers in the same
morebeforeuse (5).Castironpipeshouldnotbeusedwithsalt
treatment.Chambersshouldbecoveredtokeepoutextraneous
water. Specially designed systems are usually necessary to
contaminantsandtoreduceevaporationoftestsolutionandtest
obtainsaltwaterfromanaturalwatersource(seeGuideE729).
material. All chambers and compartments in a test must be
Brass, copper, lead, galvanized metal, and natural rubber
identical.
should not contact dilution water, stock solution
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1191 − 03a (Reapproved 2014) E1191 − 03a (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution
water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after birth until after
the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting life-cycle
toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate
procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not
likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of
these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with
saltwater mysids.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known
mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modifications, these
procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see
also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Hazards 7
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
Construction Materials 6.2
Metering System 6.3
Test Chambers 6.4
Cleaning 6.5
Acceptability 6.6
Dilution Water 8
Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
Treatment 8.3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Actionand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2023. Published December 2014January 2023. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
E1191 – 03a(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E1191-03AR14.10.1520/E1191-03AR23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1191 − 03a (2023)
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
General 9.1
Stock Solution 9.2
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
Source 10.3
Brood Stock 10.4
Food 10.5
Handling 10.6
Harvesting Young 10.7
Quality 10.8
Procedure 11
Experimental Design 11.1
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
Temperature 11.3
Beginning the Test 11.4
Feeding 11.5
Cleaning 11.6
Duration of Test 11.7
Biological Data 11.8
Other Measurements 11.9
Analytical Methodology 12
Acceptability of Test 13
Calculation 14
Documentation 15
Keywords 16
Appendix
X1. Statistical Guidance
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023)
E1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
E1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates,
and Amphibians
E1203 Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology (Withdrawn 2013)
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 The words “must,” “should,”“ may,” “can,” and “might” have very specific meanings in this guide.
3.1.1 “Must” is used to express an absolute requirement, that is, to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy the specified
condition, unless the purpose of the test requires a different design. “Must” is only used in connection with factors that directly
relate to the acceptability of the test (see 13.1).
3.1.2 “Should” is used to state that the specified condition is recommended and ought to be met if possible. Although violation
of one “should” is rarely a serious matter, violation of several will often render the results questionable. Terms such as “is
desirable,” “is often desirable,” and “might be desirable” are used in connection with less important factors.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
E1191 − 03a (2023)
3.1.3 “May” is used to mean “is (are) allowed to,” “can” is used to mean “is (are) able to,” and “might” is used to mean “could
possibly.” Therefore, the classic distinction between may and can is preserved, and might is never used as a synonym for either
may or can.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, refer to Guide E729, Terminology E943, and Guide E1023. For an explanation
of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 In each of two or more treatments, saltwater mysids of one species are maintained in two or more test chambers from
immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction in a flow-through system. In each of the one or more control
treatments, the mysids are maintained in dilution water, to which no test material has been added, in order to provide (1) a measure
of the acceptability of the test by giving an indication of the quality of the mysids and the suitability of the dilution water, food,
test conditions, and handling procedures and (2) the basis for interpreting data obtained from the other treatments. In each of the
one or more other treatments, the mysids are maintained in dilution water to which a selected concentration of test material has
been added. Specified data on the concentration of test material, and the survival, growth, and reproduction of the mysids are
obtained and analyzed to determine the effect(s) of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction of the test organisms.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals
of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the
test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on
effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field situations
as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic
toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic
organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with
the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water (2). Most such predictions take into
account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with mysids is greatly increased
by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions.
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity
relationships between, test materials.
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for predicting population effects on the same species in another water
or with another species in the same or a different water (3).
6. Apparatus
6.1 Facilities—Flow-through or recirculating brood-stock tanks and flow-through, but not recirculating, test chambers should be
maintained in constant-temperature areas or recirculating water baths. An elevated headbox might be desirable so dilution water
can be gravity-fed into brood-stock tanks and the metering system (see 6.3), which mixes and delivers test solutions to the test
chambers. Strainers and air traps should be included in the water supply system. Headboxes and brood-stock tanks should be
equipped for temperature control and aeration (see 8.3). Air used for aeration should be free of fumes, oil, and water; filters to
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
E1191 − 03a (2023)
remove oil and water are desirable. Filtration of air through a 0.22-μm bacterial filter might be desirable. The facility should be
well ventilated and free of fumes. To further reduce the possibility of contamination by test materials and other substances,
especially volatile ones, the brood-stock tanks should not be in a room in which toxicity tests are conducted, stock solutions or
test solutions are prepared, or equipment is cleaned. During culture and testing, organisms should be shielded from disturbances
with curtains or partitions to prevent unnecessary stress. A timing device should be used to provide either a 14-h light and 10-h
dark or a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. A 15 to 30-min transition period (4) should be provided whenever lights go on or
off to reduce the possibility of mysids being stressed by instantaneous changes in light intensity. In the natural environment, the
normal vertical migration of mysids allows gradual acclimation to light intensity. Under artificial laboratory conditions, some
mysids exhibit an escape response to sudden increases or decreases in light intensity resulting in jumping and impingement on the
sides of test chambers or compartments.
6.2 Construction Materials—Equipment and facilities that contact stock solutions, test solutions, or any water into which mysids
will be placed should not contain substances that can be leached or dissolved by aqueous solutions in amounts that adversely affect
mysids. In addition, equipment and facilities that contact stock solutions or test solutions should be chosen to minimize sorption
of test materials from water. Glass, Type 316 stainless steel, nylon, Teflon, and fluorocarbon plastics should be used whenever
possible to minimize dissolution, leaching, and sorption. Stainless steel should not be used for tests on metals. Concrete and rigid
plastics may be used for brood-stock tanks and in the water supply, but they should be soaked, preferably in flowing dilution water,
for a week or more before use (5). Cast iron pipe should not be used with salt water. Specially designed systems are usually
necessary to obtain salt water from a natural water source (see Guide E729). Brass, copper, lead, galvanized metal, and natural
rubber should not contact dilution water, stock solutions, or test solutions before or during the test. Items made of neoprene rubber
or other materials not mentioned previously should not be used unless it has been shown that their use will not adversely affect
either survival, growth, or reproduction of mysids (see 13.1.9 and 13.1.10).
6.3 Metering System:
6.3.1 The metering system should be designed to accommodate the type and concentration(s) of test material and the necessary
flow rates of test solutions. The system should permit the mixing of the test material with dilution water immediately before
entrance to the test chambers (see 11.9.3.4) and permit the supply of selected concentration(s) of test material in a reproducible
fashion (see 9.3 and 11.1.1). Various metering systems, using different combinations of syringes, dipping birds, siphons, pumps,
saturators, solenoids, and valves have been used successfully to control the concentrations of test material in, and the flow rates
of, test solutions (see Guide E729).
6.3.2 The metering system should be calibrated before the test by determining the flow rate through each test chamber and
measuring either the concentration of test material in each test chamber or the volume of solution used in each portion of the
metering system. The general operation of the metering system should be visually checked twice daily, in the morning and
afternoon, throughout the test. The metering system should be adjusted during the test if necessary and any malfunction or
adjustment should be noted in the study records.
6.3.3 The flow rate through each test chamber should be at least five volume additions per 24 h. It is usually desirable to construct
the metering system to provide at least ten volume additions per 24 h in case there is rapid loss of test material due to microbial
degradation, hydrolysis, oxidatio
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