ASTM E1191-03A(2023)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).4
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water (2). Most such predictions take into account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions.
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials.
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for predicting population effects on the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Guide
4
Significance and Use
5
Hazards
7
Apparatus
6
Facilities
6.1
Construction Materials
6.2
Metering System
6.3
Test Chambers
6.4
Cleaning
6.5
Acceptability
6.6
Dilution Water
8
Requirements
8.1
Source
8.2
Treatment
8.3
Characterizat...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: E1191 − 03a (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 13.1.11 and References were editorially corrected in January 2023.
1. Scope
Construction Materials 6.2
Metering System 6.3
1.1 Thisguidedescribesproceduresforobtaininglaboratory
Test Chambers 6.4
data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to Cleaning 6.5
Acceptability 6.6
dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater
Dilution Water 8
mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after
Requirements 8.1
birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the Source 8.2
Treatment 8.3
flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be
Characterization 8.4
usefulforconductinglife-cycletoxicitytestswithotherspecies
Test Material 9
General 9.1
of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
Stock Solution 9.2
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-
Species 10.1
priate procedures is more important than following prescribed
Age 10.2
procedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualprocedures
Source 10.3
Brood Stock 10.4
are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests.
Food 10.5
Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodified
Handling 10.6
versions of these procedures might provide useful information
Harvesting Young 10.7
Quality 10.8
on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle
Procedure 11
toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.
Experimental Design 11.1
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either
Temperature 11.3
individually or in formulations, commercial products, or
Beginning the Test 11.4
known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the Feeding 11.5
Cleaning 11.6
necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate
Duration of Test 11.7
modifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtoconducttestson
Biological Data 11.8
Other Measurements 11.9
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials
Analytical Methodology 12
as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils,
Acceptability of Test 13
particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
Calculation 14
Documentation 15
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Keywords 16
Appendix
Section
X1. Statistical Guidance
Referenced Documents 2
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology 3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Hazards 7
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Apparatus 6
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Facilities 6.1
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Assessment,RiskManagementandCorrectiveActionandisthedirectresponsibility
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1191–03a(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/E1191-03AR23E01. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
E1191 − 03a (2023)
2. Referenced Documents and (2) the basis for interpreting data obtained from the other
2 treatments. In each of the one or more other treatments, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mysids are maintained in dilution water to which a selected
E729Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
concentrationoftestmaterialhasbeenadded.Specifieddataon
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-
theconcentrationoftestmaterial,andthesurvival,growth,and
ians
reproduction of the mysids are obtained and analyzed to
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
3 determine the effect(s) of the test material on survival, growth,
ronmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023)
and reproduction of the test organisms.
E1023Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to
Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
5. Significance and Use
E1192Guide for ConductingAcute Toxicity Tests onAque-
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unaccept-
ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,
able effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the
Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is con-
E1203Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for
ducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights
Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology (Withdrawn 2013)
of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test
IEEE/ASTM SI 10American National Standard for Use of
material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health
System
and uses of the species.
3. Terminology
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field
3.1 Thewords“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”
have very specific meanings in this guide. situationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions.
3.1.1 “Must” is used to express an absolute requirement,
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
that is, to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy the
compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the
specified condition, unless the purpose of the test requires a
chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the
differentdesign.“Must”isonlyusedinconnectionwithfactors
effectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.
that directly relate to the acceptability of the test (see 13.1).
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an
3.1.2 “Should”isusedtostatethatthespecifiedconditionis
important consideration when assessing the hazards of materi-
recommended and ought to be met if possible. Although
als to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving
violationofone“should”israrelyaseriousmatter,violationof
water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).
several will often render the results questionable. Terms such
as“isdesirable,”“isoftendesirable,”and“mightbedesirable” 5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful
are used in connection with less important factors. for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test
3.1.3 “May” is used to mean “is (are) allowed to,” “can” is materialwiththesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanother
used to mean “is (are) able to,” and “might” is used to mean species in the same or a different water (2). Most such
“could possibly.” Therefore, the classic distinction between predictionstakeintoaccountresultsofacutetoxicitytests,and
may and can is preserved, and might is never used as a so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with
synonym for either may or can. mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an
acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisguide,referto
conditions.
Guide E729, Terminology E943, and Guide E1023. For an
explanation of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10. 5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
for studying the biological availability of, and structure-
4. Summary of Guide
activity relationships between, test materials.
4.1 In each of two or more treatments, saltwater mysids of
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
one species are maintained in two or more test chambers from
forpredictingpopulationeffectsonthesamespeciesinanother
immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduc-
water or with another species in the same or a different water
tion in a flow-through system. In each of the one or more
(3).
controltreatments,themysidsaremaintainedindilutionwater,
to which no test material has been added, in order to provide 6. Apparatus
(1) a measure of the acceptability of the test by giving an
6.1 Facilities—Flow-through or recirculating brood-stock
indicationofthequalityofthemysidsandthesuitabilityofthe
tanks and flow-through, but not recirculating, test chambers
dilution water, food, test conditions, and handling procedures
should be maintained in constant-temperature areas or recircu-
lating water baths.An elevated headbox might be desirable so
dilutionwatercanbegravity-fedintobrood-stocktanksandthe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
metering system (see 6.3), which mixes and delivers test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
www.astm.org. this guide.
´1
E1191 − 03a (2023)
solutionstothetestchambers.Strainersandairtrapsshouldbe valves have been used successfully to control the concentra-
included in the water supply system. Headboxes and brood- tionsoftestmaterialin,andtheflowratesof,testsolutions(see
stock tanks should be equipped for temperature control and Guide E729).
aeration (see 8.3). Air used for aeration should be free of
6.3.2 The metering system should be calibrated before the
fumes, oil, and water; filters to remove oil and water are
testbydeterminingtheflowratethrougheachtestchamberand
desirable. Filtration of air through a 0.22-µm bacterial filter
measuring either the concentration of test material in each test
might be desirable. The facility should be well ventilated and
chamber or the volume of solution used in each portion of the
free of fumes. To further reduce the possibility of contamina-
meteringsystem.Thegeneraloperationofthemeteringsystem
tion by test materials and other substances, especially volatile
should be visually checked twice daily, in the morning and
ones, the brood-stock tanks should not be in a room in which
afternoon, throughout the test. The metering system should be
toxicitytestsareconducted,stocksolutionsortestsolutionsare
adjusted during the test if necessary and any malfunction or
prepared, or equipment is cleaned. During culture and testing, adjustment should be noted in the study records.
organisms should be shielded from disturbances with curtains
6.3.3 The flow rate through each test chamber should be at
or partitions to prevent unnecessary stress. A timing device
least five volume additions per 24 h. It is usually desirable to
should be used to provide either a 14-h light and 10-h dark or
construct the metering system to provide at least ten volume
a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. A 15 to 30-min
additionsper24hincasethereisrapidlossoftestmaterialdue
transition period (4) should be provided whenever lights go on
to microbial degradation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis,
or off to reduce the possibility of mysids being stressed by
reduction, sorption, or volatilization (see 11.4.2). At any
instantaneous changes in light intensity. In the natural
particular time during the test, the flow rates through any two
environment, the normal vertical migration of mysids allows
test chambers should not differ by more than 10%. Flow rates
gradual acclimation to light intensity. Under artificial labora-
through all test chambers may be equally changed simultane-
tory conditions, some mysids exhibit an escape response to
ously during the test as long as the test temperature (see 11.3)
sudden increases or decreases in light intensity resulting in
and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and test material
jumping and impingement on the sides of test chambers or
(see 11.4.1 and 11.9.3) remain acceptable (see 11.3, 11.9, and
compartments.
13).
6.2 Construction Materials—Equipment and facilities that
6.4 Test Chambers:
contact stock solutions, test solutions, or any water into which
6.4.1 Inatoxicitytestwithaquaticorganisms,testchambers
mysidswillbeplacedshouldnotcontainsubstancesthatcanbe
are defined as the smallest physical units between which there
leached or dissolved by aqueous solutions in amounts that
are no water connections. However, screens and cups may be
adversely affect mysids. In addition, equipment and facilities
usedtocreatetwoormorecompartmentswithineachchamber.
that contact stock solutions or test solutions should be chosen
Therefore, test solution can flow from one compartment to
to minimize sorption of test materials from water. Glass, Type
another within a test chamber, but, by definition, cannot flow
316 stainless steel, nylon, Teflon, and fluorocarbon plastics
from one chamber to another. Because solution can flow from
should be used whenever possible to minimize dissolution,
one compartment to another in the same test chamber, the
leaching, and sorption. Stainless steel should not be used for
temperature, concentration of test material, and levels of
tests on metals. Concrete and rigid plastics may be used for
pathogens and extraneous contaminants are likely to be more
brood-stock tanks and in the water supply, but they should be
similar between compartments in the same test chamber than
soaked, preferably in flowing dilution water, for a week or
between compartments in different test chambers in the same
morebeforeuse (5).Castironpipeshouldnotbeusedwithsalt
treatment.Chambersshouldbecoveredtokeepoutextraneous
water. Specially designed systems are usually necessary to
contaminantsandtoreduceevaporationoftestsolutionandtest
obtainsaltwaterfromanaturalwatersource(seeGuideE729).
material. All chambers and compartments in a test must be
Brass, copper, lead, galvanized metal, and natural rubber
identical.
should not contact dilution w
...
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