ASTM D4473-01

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Cure Behavior

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic-mechanical-oscillation instrumentation for gathering and reporting the thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin. It may be used for determining the cure properties of unsupported resins and resins supported on substrates and subjected to various oscillatory deformations. These deformations may be in shear or the dynamic compression of supported resins using a dynamic mechanical instrument.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the cure behavior of supported and unsupported thermosetting resins over a range of temperatures by free vibration and resonant and nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D 4065. Plots of modulus, cure behavior, tan delta, and damping index as a function of time/temperature are indicative of the thermal advancement or cure characteristics of a resin.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz. However, it is strongly recommended that low-frequency test conditions, generally below 1.5 Hz, will generate more definitive cure-behavior information.
1.4 This test method is intended for resin/substrate composites that have an uncured effective elastic modulus in shear greater than 0.5 MPa.
1.5 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.6 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, especially in the compressive mode, the data generated may indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.
1.7 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 5.
Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4473-95a - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Cure Behavior
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D4473-03 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Cure Behavior
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3532/D3532M-19 - Standard Test Method for Gel Time of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E3277-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7750-23 - Standard Test Method for Cure Behavior of Thermosetting Resins by Dynamic Mechanical Procedures using an Encapsulated Specimen Rheometer
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4473 – 01
Standard Test Method for
1
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Cure Behavior
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic-mechanical-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oscillation instrumentation for gathering and reporting the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
It may be used for determining the cure properties of unsup-
tionary statements are given in Note 5.
ported resins and resins supported on substrates and subjected
to various oscillatory deformations. These deformations may
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
be in shear or the dynamic compression of supported resins
2. Referenced Documents
using a dynamic mechanical instrument.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
determining the cure behavior of supported and unsupported
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
2
thermosetting resins over a range of temperatures by free
rials
vibration and resonant and nonresonant forced-vibration tech-
D 4065 Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic
2
niques, in accordance with Practice D 4065. Plots of modulus,
Mechanical Properties of Plastics
cure behavior, tan delta, and damping index as a function of
D 4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
2
time/temperature are indicative of the thermal advancement or
Measurements of Plastics
cure characteristics of a resin.
ASTM/IEEE SI–10 Standard for Use of the International
3
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz. However, it is strongly
3. Terminology
recommended that low-frequency test conditions, generally
below 1.5 Hz, will generate more definitive cure-behavior
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this test
information. method refer to Terminology D 4092.
1.4 This test method is intended for resin/substrate compos-
4. Summary of Test Method
ites that have an uncured effective elastic modulus in shear
greater than 0.5 MPa. 4.1 A known amount of thermosetting liquid or resin-
1.5 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained impregnated substrate is placed in mechanical oscillation at
under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ- fixed or natural resonant frequencies at either isothermal
ences from results observed in another study can usually be conditions, with a linear temperature increase or a time-
reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in temperature relation simulating a processing condition. The
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under elastic or loss modulus, or both, of the composite specimen are
which the data were obtained. measured in shear as a function of time. The point in time when
1.6 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, especially tan delta is maximum, and the elastic modulus levels after an
in the compressive mode, the data generated may indicate increase, is calculated as the gel time of the resin under the
relative and not necessarily absolute property values. conditions of the test.
1.7 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
NOTE 2—The particular method for measuring the elastic and loss
appropriate for use in engineering design.
moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
principles.
standard.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
2
Current edition approved September 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
3
Originally published as D 4473 – 85. Last previous edition D 4473 – 95a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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