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ASTM F2374-04

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices

Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices

SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the design, manufacture, and operation of inflatable amusement devices and their associated operating environments.
1.2 This practice specifically excludes inflatable devices that are used for professional exhibition or stunt work; safety and rescue activities; aerial or aviation structures or devices; exhibit floats; or similar inflatable devices.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
97.200.50 - Toys
Technical Committee
F24 - Amusement Rides and Devices
Drafting Committee
F24.60 - Special Rides/Attractions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2374-06 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices
Effective Date
01-Feb-2006
Referred By
ASTM F2970-22 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2376-23 - Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2783-20 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Amusement Rides and Devices, in Canada
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2291-23b - Standard Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM F2374-04 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement DevicesASTM F2374-04 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices
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ASTM F2374-04 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 2374 – 04
Standard Practice for
Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of
Inflatable Amusement Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2374; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice applies to the design, manufacture, and 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
operation of inflatable amusement devices and their associated 3.1.1 inflatable amusement device, n—an amusement ride
operating environments. or device, as defined by Terminology F 747, consisting of
1.2 This practice specifically excludes inflatable devices air-filled structures designed for use, as specified by the
that are used for professional exhibition or stunt work; safety manufacturer, that may include but not be limited to bounce,
and rescue activities; aerial or aviation structures or devices; climb, slide, or interactive play. They are made of flexible
exhibit floats; or similar inflatable devices. fabric, kept inflated by continuous air flow by one or more
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the blowers, and rely upon air pressure to maintain their shape.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1.1 Discussion—This definition specifically excludes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- similar inflatable devices that are used for professional exhi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bition or stunt work, safety, and rescue activities, aerial or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. aviation structures or devices, exhibit floats, or similar inflat-
able devices.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 owner/operator, n—the person or organization having
2.1 ASTM Standards: overall control and responsibility for the maintenance, setup,
F 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Provided
and operation of the inflatable device.
for Amusement Rides and Devices 3.1.3 operator/attendant, n—the person who has been prop-
F 747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-
erly trained and designated by the owner to direct the operation
vices
of the inflatable device.
F 770 Practice for Operation Procedures for Amusement 3.1.4 user, n—a participant in the use of the inflatable
Rides and Devices
device as defined by the manufacturer.
F 853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement
4. Significance and Use
Rides and Devices
F 893 Guide for Inspection of Amusement Rides and De- 4.1 The purpose of this practice is to delineate information
vices regarding the design, manufacture, installation, operation, and
F 1159 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Patron maintenance of inflatable amusement devices.
Directed, Artificial Climbing Walls, Dry Slide, Coin Oper-
5. Inflatable Amusement Device Design and Manufacture
ated and Purposeful Water Immersion Amusement Rides
and Devices and Air-Supported Structures 5.1 Inflatable amusement device manufacturers shall iden-
tify the specified use of each inflatable device to the owner
F 1193 Practice forAmusement Ride and Device Manufac-
turer Quality Assurance Program and Manufacturing Re- prior to or at the time of sale.
5.2 Inflatable amusement device manufacturers shall pro-
quirements
vide specifications, setup, maintenance, and repair instructions
to the original purchaser in accordance with Specification
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 onAmusement
F 698, Practice F 853, and Guide F 893 and shall include, but
Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.60 on
may not be limited to, the following topics:
Special Rides/Attractions.
5.2.1 Signage, setup, takedown, and storage specifications
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and procedures.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.2 Inflation pressure(s).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2374–04
5.2.3 Specifications for number of blowers and required 5.5.1 Inflatable amusement devices shall be of a material
rated capacity. that is flame-resistant in accordance with Practice F 1159 and
meets local, state, or federal fire safety standards.
5.2.4 Requirements for environmental conditions that in-
5.5.2 Where zips or zippers are used as emergency exits in
clude, but are not limited to, location, surface material, and
inflatableamusementdevicestheyshallbereliable,easytouse,
weather conditions.
and capable of being opened from both sides.
5.2.5 Maximum capacity by weight or number of users.
5.6 Blowers shall comply with Practice F 1159.
5.2.6 Service and adjustment procedures for all components
5.6.1 Blowers and inflation tubes shall be positioned so that
of the inflatable device.
they will not impede the ingress/egress of the device.
5.2.7 Contact information to be used by the owner, operator,
5.7 Inflatable amusement devices, which are designed and
orattendanttosecuremaintenanceoroperatingassistancefrom
manufactured to be operated as totally enclosed structures
the manufacturer.
without clear visibility of the surrounding exterior areas, shall
5.2.8 Daily, weekly, monthly or other periodic minimum
provide exits that meet all local, state, or federal requirements
service and component checklists.
as applicable to inflatable amusement devices or structures, or
5.2.9 User height, weight, age, and other physical require-
both.
ments or restrictions.
5.2.10 The inappropriate attire worn by users. 6. Inflatable Amusement Device Operations
5.2.11 Theminimumnumberofoperatorsandattendantsfor
6.1 Inflatable amusement device owners and operators shall
each inflatable amusement device to control ingress/egress and
review the manufacturer’s specifications, maintenance, and
operations.
repair instructions in accordance with Specification F 698,
5.3 Inflatabledevicesshallbedesignedandmanufacturedin
Practice F 770, Practice F 853, and Guide F 893, and shall
accordance with Practices F 1159 and F 1193, and shall in-
operatetheinflatabledevice(s)inregardtothefollowingtopics
clude, but may not be limited to:
which include, but may not be limited to:
5.3.1 There shall be no sharp exterior or interior angles or 6.1.1 Setup, takedown, and storage specifications and pro-
edges, parts, or ancillary equipment accessible to users which cedures.
will cause injury if contact is made with them. 6.1.2 Inflation pressure(s).
6.1.3 Specifications for number of blowers and required
5.3.2 There shall be no entrapment points.
rated capacity.
5.3.3 The outside walls shall be designed to contain users
6.1.4 Requirements for environmental conditions that in-
when operated in accordance with manufacturer’s specified
clude, but are not limited to, location, surface material, and
use.
weather conditions.
5.3.4 The design shall be sufficient to allow for evacuation
6.1.5 Maximum capacity by weight or number of users.
in the event of deflation.
6.1.6 Service and adjustment procedures for all components
5.3.4.1 The design shall provide for when the inflation air
of the inflatable device.
supply is interrupted. Deflation shall be prevented or mini-
6.1.7 Daily, weekly, monthly, or other periodic minimum
mized by, but not limited to, the use of a non-return valve or
service and component checklists.
flap fitted to the blower or inflatable device, and by placing the
6.1.8 User height, weight, age, and other physical require-
inflation tube to the lowest part of the structure.
ments or restrictions.
5.4 Inflatable amusement devices shall be provided with an
6.1.9 The inappropriate attire worn by users.
anchorage system to prevent unplanned displacement during
6.1.10 Theminimumnumberofoperator(s)andatte
...

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4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers, engineers, manufacturers, owners, and operators with criteria and references for use in designing amusement rides and devices or a major modification for amusement rides or devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the design of amusement rides, devices and major modifications to amusement rides and devices manufactured after the effective date of publication except as noted in 1.2.  
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Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to delineate information regarding the design, manufacture, installation, operation, and maintenance of inflatable amusement devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection, Training, Auditing and Major Modification of commercial use Inflatable Amusement Devices. These devices are made of flexible fabric, inflated by one or more blowers, and rely upon air pressure to maintain their shape. These devices are designed for patron activities that include, but are not limited to, bouncing, climbing, sliding, obstacle course running and interactive play.  
1.1.1 Amusement devices covered by this standard are used primarily in amusement, entertainment or recreational applications. Such applications include, but are not limited to, amusement parks, theme parks, water parks, family entertainment centers, rental companies, fitness centers, gyms, gymnastics facilities, jump centers, sports facilities, skate parks, camps, schools, shopping centers, temporary special events, carnivals, fairs, festivals and municipal parks.  
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1.1.3 Inflatable amusement devices covered by this standard have inflation systems that:
1.1.3.1 Require air to be constantly supplied in order to maintain structure, form, shape or integrity (continuous air inflatable amusement device); or
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1.1.4 The design and manufacturing requirements in Sections 5 and 6 of this standard shall not apply to inflatable amusement devices manufactured before the publication date of this standard practice.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the design of amusement rides, devices and major modifications to amusement rides and devices manufactured after the effective date of publication except as noted in 1.2.  
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Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection, Training, Auditing and Major Modification of commercial use Inflatable Amusement Devices. These devices are made of flexible fabric, inflated by one or more blowers, and rely upon air pressure to maintain their shape. These devices are designed for patron activities that include, but are not limited to, bouncing, climbing, sliding, obstacle course running and interactive play.  
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1.1.3.1 Require air to be constantly supplied in order to maintain structure, form, shape or integrity (continuous air inflatable amusement device); or
1.1.3.2 Maintain inflation without the need for constant air supply (captured air inflatable amusement device); or
1.1.3.3 Incorporate both methods of inflation into a single device.  
1.1.4 The design and manufacturing requirements in Sections 5 and 6 of this standard shall not apply to inflatable amusement devices manufactured before the publication date of this standard practice.  
1.1.5 The modification requirements in Section 5.3 of this standard shall not apply to major modifications performed before the publication date of this standard practice.  
1.2 This practice specifically excludes the following types of inflatable devices:  
1.2.1 Inflatable devices marketed directly to consumers for private home use by children. Those devices are covered under a separate standard, Consumer Safety Specification F2729-18.  
1.2.2 Inflatable devices that are used for professional exhibition or stunt work; safety and rescue activities; aerial or aviation structures or devices; exhibit floats; or similar inflatable devices.  
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1.2.5 Inflatable devices that are designed primarily as floating devices to be installed in or on bodies of water.  
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ASTM
ASTM F2729-18(Specification)
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Constant Air Inflatable Play Devices for Home Use

ABSTRACT
This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promote the safe use of constant air inflatable play devices for private home use intended for children aged from 2 to 12 years. It aims to reduce the risk of death and minimize serious injury to children resulting from use of constant air inflatable play devices for home use. The marking and labelling section of this specification covers constant air inflatable play devices for home use that incorporate water play features and are intended to hold water for wading or water recreational purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promote the safe use of constant air inflatable play devices for private home use. Constant air inflatable play devices for home use that incorporate water play features and do not retain water are not considered as portable pools. Constant air inflatable play devices for home use that incorporate water play features and are intended to hold water for wading or water recreational purposes are applicable to the marking and labeling section of this specification. This specification does not apply to stored air inflatable swimming pools or sealed inflatable devices whether or not they retain water.  
1.2 This consumer safety specification provides safety requirements for various types of constant air inflatable play devices for home use intended for children aged from two (2) years through twelve (12) years.  
1.3 This consumer safety specification is intended to reduce the risk of death and minimize serious injury to children resulting from use of constant air inflatable play devices for home use.  
1.4 No constant air inflatable play devices for home use produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein. The following statement is suggested for use in identifying a product that conforms to all requirements in this specification:  
1.4.1 “This product conforms to ASTM F2729, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Constant Air Inflatable Play Device for Home Use.”  
1.5 The test values and dimensions stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound values in parenthesis, when given, are for information only.  
1.6 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:  
1.6.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless otherwise specified) are as follows:
Dimension Tolerance
X ± 12.7 mm (X ± 0.5 in.)
X.X ± 1.27 mm (X.X ± 0.05 in.)
X.XX ± 0.127 mm (X.XX ± 0.005 in.)
These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.  
1.6.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only.  
1.6.3 The conversion factor from SI to inch-pound units is 25.4 mm = 1 in., and 0.45359 kg = 1 lb.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1928-98(2018)(Guide)
Standard Safety Guide for Consumer Recreational Use of Fun-Karts

SCOPE
1.1 This guide relates to the use and maintenance of commercially manufactured fun-karts intended for private use, on suitable off-road terrain, by consumers.  
1.2 This guide is intended to reduce hazards, other than those inherent in the sport of fun-karting, to the users of fun-karts during normal intended use.  
1.3 This guide applies to fun-karts for private use and does not apply to concession, race, home-made, consumer-modified karts, karts that are pedal-powered, unpowered karts, or karts that are used for commercial purposes.  
1.4 This guide specifically recognizes that there are operational hazards relating to fun-karts that operators and passengers are deemed to have accepted by their use and operation of the fun-kart including, but not limited to, falling out, running into, through, under or over objects, upsetting the kart, general operator recklessness, pinches, scratches, or bruises, or a combination thereof.  
1.5 This guide does not cover product performance or quality, labeling, maintenance, or safety devices.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2373-11(2017)(Specification)
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Public Use Play Equipment for Children 6 Months through 23 Months

SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety performance specification provides safety and performance requirements for various types of public use play equipment such as, but not limited to, composite play structures, climbing structures, to-fro swings, spring rocking equipment, and slides. It is intended to apply to play equipment that is used in places of public assembly, including early care and education facilities, parks, or playgrounds. Public use play areas for children in this age range include both indoor (classroom) settings and outdoor playgrounds. Where appropriate, distinctions will be made between indoor and outdoor settings where there is supervision (for example, a play area that is part of an early care and education facility), and settings with unlimited access (for example, public playgrounds and parks).  
1.2 The range of users encompassed by this consumer safety performance specification is the 5th percentile 6 month old through the 95th percentile 23 month old.  
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to reduce the potential for life threatening and debilitating injuries.  
1.4 Accessory toys attached to play equipment must meet all relevant standards including this consumer safety performance specification.  
1.5 Home playground equipment, amusement park equipment, sports equipment, fitness equipment, soft contained play equipment, tricycles, toys, juvenile care products such as, but not limited to, infant swings, play yards, expansion gates, and expandable enclosures, furniture (including child-sized house play furnishings and sand/water tables intended primarily for indoor use), bassinets and cradles, infant walkers, bouncer seats, jumpers, infant stationary activity centers, and infant carriers are not included in the scope of this specification.  
1.6 This consumer safety performance specification includes the following sections:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
ASTM Standards  
2.1  
ANSI Standards  
2.2  
Federal Standards  
2.3  
CPSC Documents  
2.4  
UL Standard  
2.5  
European Standard  
2.6  
Terminology  
3  
Materials and Manufacture  
4  
General Requirements  
4.1  
Fasteners  
4.2  
Toxic or Hazardous Substances  
4.3  
Stuffing, Loose Fillers, and Padding Materials  
4.4  
General Requirements  
5  
Compliance Documentation  
5.1  
Small Parts  
5.2  
Asphyxiation Hazard  
5.3  
Performance Requirements  
6  
Head and Neck Entrapment  
6.1  
Sharp Points and Sharp Edges  
6.2  
Protrusions  
6.3  
Entanglement Hazards  
6.4  
Crush and Shear Points  
6.5  
Ventilation  
6.6  
Closures  
6.7  
Suspended Hazards  
6.8  
Requirements for Access and Egress  
7  
Access and Egress Components That Shall
Not Be Used  
7.1  
Adjacent Platforms  
7.2  
Step Ladders, Stairways, Flexible Access
Components, and Access Ramps  
7.3  
Climbing Equipment Used for Access and Egress  
7.4  
Handrails and Other Means of Hand Support  
7.5  
Requirements for Platforms, Landings, and Other
Designated Play Surfaces  
8  
Platforms and Similar Surfaces  
8.1  
Adjacent Platforms  
8.2  
Protective Barriers  
8.3  
Equipment Specifications  
9  
Equipment That Shall Not Be Used  
9.1  
Climbing Equipment  
9.2  
Slides  
9.3  
Spring Rocking Equipment Intended for Use Without
Adult Assistance  
9.4  
To-Fro Swings  
9.5  
Structural Integrity and Stability  
10  
General Requirements  
10.1  
Structural Integrity Tests for Rungs, Steps, and
Horizontal Supporting Members  
10.2  
Structural Integrity and Stability Tests for
Platforms and Ramps  
10.3  
Test for Dynamic Strength of Barriers and Handrails  
10.4  
Structural Integrity and Stability Tests for Slides  
10.5  
Structural Integrity Test for Spring Rocking Equipment  
10.6  
Structural Integrity and Stabili...

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ASTM
ASTM D2699-24a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

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