ASTM F963-23

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety

SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended or after reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to cover every conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specification does not cover product performance or quality, except as related to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended, this specification has no requirements for those aspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is an inherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process.  
1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its use (for example, falling off onto the sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its construction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will be minimized by the application of this specification.  
1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years of age. Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this specification. These limits reflect the nature of the hazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of a child to cope with the hazards.  
1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:
Bicycles
Tricycles
Non-Powered Scooters
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2264)
Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2641)
Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts
Playground equipment
Non-powder guns
Kites
Hobby and craft items in which the finished item is not
primarily of play value
Model kits in which the finished item is not primarily of
play value
Crayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials in
which the material itself or the finished item is not
primarily of play value, except that all art materials,
whether or not a component of a toy, shall comply with
LHAMA, in accordance with 4.29.1 – 4.29.3.
Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment,
musical instruments, juvenile products, and furniture;
however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.
(It is recognized that there is often a fine line between,
for example, a musical instrument or a sporting item
and its toy counterpart. The intention of the producer
or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably
foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a
toy counterpart.)
Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and land
vehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts are
covered.
Constant air inflatables  
1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy packaging are contained in Annex A1.  
1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is contained in Annex A2.  
1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Safety Requirements  
4  
Material Quality  
4.1  
Flammability  
4.2  
Toxicology  
4.3  
Electrical/Thermal Energy  
4.4  
Sound-producing Toys  
4.5  
Small Objects  
4.6  
Accessible Edges  
4.7  
Projections  
4.8  
Accessible Points  
4.9  
Wires or Rods  
4.10  
Nails and Fasteners  
4.11  
Plastic Film  
4.12  
Folding Mechanisms and Hinges  
4.13  
Cords, Straps, and Elastics  
4.14  
Stability and Over-load Requirements  
4.15  
Confined Spaces  
4.16  
Wheels, Tires, and Axles  
4.17  
Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms  
4.18  
Simulated Protective Devices  
4.19 ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2023
• ICS: 97.200.50 - Toys
• Technical Committee: F15 - Consumer Products
• Drafting Committee: F15.22 - Toy Safety

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F963-17 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM D999-08(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM F1066-23 - Standard Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5276-19(2023) - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM F2853-10(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D374/D374M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5276-19 - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM F1066-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM D374/D374M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Refers: ASTM D999-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM F2853-10(2015) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Referred By: ASTM F2641-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3084-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and Infant/Toddler Rockers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2075-20 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2923-20 - Standard Specification for Consumer Product Safety for Children’s Jewelry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F963 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Toy Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this consumer safety specification is to establish nationally recognized safety
requirements for toys. Although this specification will not eliminate the need for the exercise of
parental responsibility in selecting toys appropriate to the age of a child, or parental supervision in
situations in which children of various ages may have access to the same toys, its application will
minimize accidents in the normal, intended use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the toys covered
by this specification. This specification was developed originally as a Voluntary Product Standard
under the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and published in
1976 (PS 72–76). The present revision is intended to update the safety requirements to include the
following by reference: published federal mandatory requirements, relevant voluntary standards,
certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards, and several technical revisions based on
producer experience with the original standard.
1. Scope struction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will be
minimized by the application of this specification.
1.1 This specification relates to possible hazards that may
not be recognized readily by the public and that may be 1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains test
encountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended or
methods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years of
after reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to cover
age. Different age limits for various requirements will be found
every conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specification
in this specification. These limits reflect the nature of the
does not cover product performance or quality, except as
hazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of a
related to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointing
child to cope with the hazards.
out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is
1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:
intended, this specification has no requirements for those
Bicycles
aspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard
Tricycles
as part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharp
Non-Powered Scooters
point necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is an
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2264)
inherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a
Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
toy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user as
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2641)
part of the normal educational process.
Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts
1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherent
Playground equipment
hazards associated with its use (for example, falling off onto
Non-powder guns
the sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its con-
Kites
Hobby and craft items in which the finished item is not
primarily of play value
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit- Model kits in which the finished item is not primarily of
tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
play value
F15.22 on Toy Safety.
Crayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials in
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
which the material itself or the finished item is not
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F963 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/F0963-23.
primarily of play value, except that all art materials,
The Toy Association sometimes provides its interpretations of this specification
whether or not a component of a toy, shall comply with
through its counsel as a service to its members and others. The Toy Association’s
LHAMA, in accordance with 4.29.1 – 4.29.3.
interpretations are not reviewed or approved by ASTM and should be viewed as The
Toy Association’s alone. Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F963 − 23
musical instruments, juvenile products, and furniture;
Instructional Literature 6
Producer’s Markings 7
however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.
Test Methods 8
(It is recognized that there is often a fine line between,
General 8.1
for example, a musical instrument or a sporting item
Testing for Hazardous Substance Content 8.2
Test Methods for Determination of Heavy Element 8.3
and its toy counterpart. The intention of the producer
Content in Toys, Toy Components, and Materials
or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably
Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness 8.4
foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a
Normal Use Testing 8.5
Abuse Testing 8.6
toy counterpart.)
Impact Tests 8.7
Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and land
Torque Tests for Removal of Components 8.8
vehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts are Tension Test for Removal of Components 8.9
Compression Test 8.10
covered.
Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel and
Constant air inflatables
Axle Assembly Removal 8.11
Flexure Test 8.12
1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy pack-
Test for Mouth-actuated Toys and Mouth-actuated Projectile 8.13
aging are contained in Annex A1.
Toys
Projectiles 8.14
1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is con-
Test for Stability of Ride-on Toys or Toy Seats 8.15
tained in Annex A2.
Pompoms 8.16
Stalled Motor Test for Battery-operated Toys 8.17
1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the follow-
Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-on Toys 8.18
ing sections:
Test for Toys that Contain Secondary Cells or Batteries 8.19
Tests for Toys which Produce Sound 8.20
Title Section
Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-on Toys 8.21
Scope 1
Plastic Film Thickness 8.22
Referenced Documents 2
Test for Loops and Cords 8.23
Terminology 3
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods 8.24
Safety Requirements 4
Magnet Test Methods 8.25
Material Quality 4.1
Test Methods for Locking Mechanisms or
Flammability 4.2
Other Means 8.26
Toxicology 4.3
Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures 8.27
Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4
Test for Overload of Ride-on Toys and Toy Seats 8.28
Sound-producing Toys 4.5
Stuffing Materials Evaluation 8.29
Small Objects 4.6
Expanding Materials – Test Method 8.30
Accessible Edges 4.7
Identification 9
Projections 4.8
Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1
Accessible Points 4.9
Packaging and Shipping Annex A2
Wires or Rods 4.10
Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribs
Nails and Fasteners 4.11
or Playpens Annex A3
Plastic Film 4.12
Design Guidelines for Bath Toy Projections Annex A4
Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13
Flammability Testing Procedure for Solids and Soft Toys Annex A5
Cords, Straps, and Elastics 4.14
Flammability Testing Procedure for Fabrics Annex A6
Stability and Over-load Requirements 4.15
Compositing Procedure for Total Heavy Metal Analysis Annex A7
Confined Spaces 4.16
Design Guidelines for Battery Operated Toys Annex A8
Wheels, Tires, and Axles 4.17
Rationale for 2007 Revisions Annex A9
Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18
Rationale for 2008 Revisions Annex A10
Simulated Protective Devices 4.19
Rationale for 2011 Revisions Annex A11
Pacifiers 4.20
Rationale for 2016 Revisions Annex A12
Projectile Toys 4.21
Rationale for 2017 Revisions Annex A13
Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22
Rationale for 2023 Revisions Annex A14
Rattles 4.23
Squeeze Toys 4.24
1.8 The values stated first are to be regarded as the standard.
Battery-operated Toys 4.25
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Toys Intended to be Attached to a Crib
or Playpen 4.26
1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
Stuffed and Beanbag-type Toys 4.27
the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.28
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Art Materials 4.29
Toy Gun Marking 4.30
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Balloons 4.31
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
Certain Toys with Nearly Spherical Ends 4.32
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Marbles 4.33
Balls 4.34
regulatory limitations prior to use.
Pompoms 4.35
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
Hemispheric-shaped Objects 4.36
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.37 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Magnets 4.38
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Jaw Entrapment in Handles and Steering Wheels 4.39
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Expanding Materials 4.40
Toy Chests 4.41 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Labeling Requirements 5
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
F963 − 23
2. Referenced Documents ANSI C18.3 M, Part 1 American National Standard for
3 Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries – General
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Specifications
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
ANSI C18.3 M, Part 2 American National Standard for
cal Insulation
Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries – Safety
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance
Standard
of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
ANSI/UL 1012 Power Units Other Than Class 2
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-
ANSI/UL 60950–1 Information Technology Equip-
ers and Systems
ment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
ANSI/UL 2595 General Requirements for Battery-Powered
tainers
Appliances
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
Z315.1 Safety Requirements for Tricycles
ness
2.3 European Union Standards:
D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
EN 71-1 Safety of toys – Part 1: Mechanical and physical
Health Hazards
properties
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
EN 71-3 Safety of toys – Part 3: Migration of certain
Free Fall
elements
F404 Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs
2.4 Federal Standards:
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size
15 CFR 272 Marking of Toy, Look-Alike and Imitation
Baby Cribs/Play Yards
Firearms
F1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor Tile
16 CFR 1199.1 Children’s toys and child care articles:
F1313 Specification for Volatile N-Nitrosamine Levels in
Phthalate-containing inaccessible component parts
Rubber Nipples on Pacifiers (Withdrawn 2020)
16 CFR 1251 Toys: Determinations Regarding Heavy Ele-
F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
ments Limits for Certain Materials
Home Playground Equipment
16 CFR 1252 Children’s Products, Children’s Toys, and
F2264 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powered
Child Care Articles: Determinations Regarding Lead,
Scooters
ASTM F963 Elements, and Phthalates for Engineered
F2641 Consumer Safety Specification for Recreational Pow-
Wood Products
ered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
16 CFR 1253 Children’s Toys and Child Care Articles:
F2853 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint
Determinations Regarding the ASTM F963 Elements and
Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homog-
Phthalates for Unfinished Manufactured Fibers
enous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluores-
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
cence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Ex-
Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint
citation Beams
16 CFR 1307 Prohibition of Children’s Toys and Child Care
F2923 Specification for Consumer Product Safety for Chil-
Articles Containing Specified Phthalates
dren’s Jewelry
16 CFR 1308 Prohibition of Children’s Toys and Child Care
2.2 ANSI Standards:
Articles Containing Specified Phthalates: Determinations
ANSI C18.1 M, Part 1 American National Standard for
Regarding Certain Plastics
Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Elec-
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-
trolyte – General and Specifications
cluding the following sections:
ANSI C18.1 M, Part 2 American National Standard for
16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “flammable solid”
Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Elec-
16 CFR 1500.14 Products requiring special labeling under
trolyte – Safety Standard
section 3(b) of the act
ANSI C18.2 M, Part 1 American National Standard for
16 CFR 1500.18 Banned toys and other banned articles
Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries – General and
intended for use by children
Specifications
16 CFR 1500.19 Misbranded toys and other articles intended
ANSI C18.2 M, Part 2 American National Standard for
for use by children
Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries – Safety Stan-
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for determining extremely flam-
dard
mable and flammable solids
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for determining a
sharp point in toys and other articles intended for use by
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
children under 8 years of age
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
www.astm.org. Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
5 7
Electronic copy available from American National Standards Institute website: Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website:
www.ansi.org; hard copies from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way www.cpsc.gov or U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents;
East, Englewood, CO 80112. P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954; website: www.gpo.gov
F963 − 23
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical requirements for determining a MIL-D-17951 Military Specification: Deck Covering,
sharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articles Lightweight, Nonslip, Abrasive Particle Coated Fabric,
intended for use by children under 8 years of age Film, or Composite and Sealing Compound
16 CFR 1500.50-53 Test method for simulating use and Voluntary Product Standard PS 72-76 Toy Safety
abuse of toys and other articles intended for use by
2.5 ISO and IEC Standards:
children
ISO 3696 Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification
16 CFR 1500.83 Exemptions for small packages, minor
and test methods
hazards, and special circumstances
ISO 3746:1995 Acoustics – Determination of Sound Power
16 CFR 1500.85 Exemptions from classification as banned
Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound Pressure – Survey
hazardous substances
Method Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface Over
16 CFR 1500.86 Exemptions from classification as a banned
a Reflecting Plane
toy or other banned article for use by children
ISO 7779 Acoustics – Measurement of Airborne Noise
16 CFR 1500.87 Children’s products containing lead: inac-
Emitted by Computer and Business Equipment
cessible component parts
ISO 8124-1 Safety of toys – Part 1: Safety aspects related to
16 CFR 1500.88 Exemptions from lead limits under section
mechanical and physical properties
101 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act for
ISO 8124-3 Safety of toys – Part 3: Migration of certain
certain electronic devices
elements
16 CFR 1500.91 Determinations regarding lead content for
ISO 11201 Acoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and
certain materials or products under section 101 of the
Equipment – Determination of Emission Sound Pressure
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-
in an Essentially Free Field Over a Reflecting Plane with
ticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Age
Negligible Environmental Corrections
which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards
ISO 11202 Acoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and
Because of Small Parts
Equipment – Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure
16 CFR 1505 Requirements for Electrically Operated Toys
Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Posi-
or Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended for Use
tions – Survey Method in situ
by Children
ISO 11204 Acoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and
16 CFR 1510 Requirements for Rattles
Equipment – Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure
16 CFR 1511 Requirements for Pacifiers
Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Posi-
16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-
tions – Method Requiring Environmental Corrections
tiles
IEC 60086–2 Primary Batteries: Physical and Electrical
21 CFR 110 Current Good Manufacturing Practice in
Specifications
Manufacturing, Processing, Packaging, or Holding Hu-
IEC 60384–14 Fixed Capacitors for Use in Electronic
man Food
Equipment – Part 14: Sectional Specification – Fixed Ca-
21 CFR 170-189 Food for Human Consumption
pacitors for Electromagnetic Interference Suppression and
21 CFR 700-740 Requirements for Specific Cosmetic Prod-
Connection to the Supply Mains
ucts
IEC 60738–1 Thermistors – Directly Heated Positive Tem-
21 CFR 73, 74, 81, 82 Color Additives
perature Coefficient – Part 1: Generic Specification
29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards
IEC 60950–1 Information Technology Equip-
40 CFR 141.63 Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for
ment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements
Microbiological Contaminants
IEC 61672–1 Electroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part
49 CFR 173.100, 109 Definition of Class C Explosives
1: Specifications
CPSC-CH-C1001-09.4 Standard Operating Procedure for
IEC 61672–2 Electroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part
Determination of Phthalates
2: Pattern Evaluation Tests
CPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure for
IEC 62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alka-
Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Metal Children’s Products
line or Other Non-acid Electrolytes – Safety Require-
(including Children’s Metal Jewelry)
ments for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for Bat-
CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure for
teries Made From Them, For Use in Portable Applications
Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Non-Metal Children’s
2.6 UL Standards:
Products
UL-94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Ma-
CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1 Standard Operating Procedure for
terials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing
Determining Lead (Pb) in Paint and Other Similar Surface
Coatings
CPSC-CH-E1004-11 Standard Operating Procedure for De-
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
termining Cadmium (Cd) Extractability from Children’s
www.access.gpo.gov.
Metal Jewelry
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
8 11
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov. WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
F963 − 23
UL 1642 Standard for Lithium Batteries CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-6 A Method
UL 2054 Standard for Household and Commercial Batteries for Preservation Testing of Atypical Personal Care Prod-
UL 62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alka- ucts
line or Other Non-acid Electrolytes – Safety Require- U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analyti-
ments for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for Bat- cal Manual
teries Made From Them, For Use in Portable Applications United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current),
ANSI/UL 1012 Power Units Other Than Class 2 Method 61 Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile
ANSI/UL 2595 General Requirements for Battery-Powered Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests
Appliances United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current),
ANSI/UL 60950–1 Information Technology Equip- Method 62 Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile
ment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements Products: Tests for Specified Microorganisms
United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current),
2.7 Canadian Standards:
Chapter 1231 Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes
CAN/CSA E62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Contain-
ing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes – Safety Re-
3. Terminology
quirements for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Batteries Made From Them, For Use in Portable Applica-
3.1.1 A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level, L —the
tions
Aeq
level of a steady-state sound which, in a stated time period and
2.8 Other Documents:
at a stated location, has the same A-weighted sound energy as
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-1 Determi-
the time-varying sound.
nation of the Microbial Content of Personal Care Prod-
ucts 3.1.2 accessible—(part or component) describing any area
of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-2 Examina-
tion for and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, collar of the accessibility probe as described in 16 CFR
1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. (See Fig. 1.)
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida
albicans
NOTE 1—Dimensions are provided in Fig. 1 for two probes correspond-
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-3 A Method
ing to two age ranges of children.
for Preservation Testing of Water Miscible Personal Care
3.1.3 alkaline battery—a non-rechargeable dry cell battery
Products
with an alkaline manganese electrochemistry.
Available from U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New
Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, https://www.fda.gov/food/
Available from Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), 11 Laurier St.,
foodscienceresearch/laboratorymethods/ucm2006949.htm#intro.
Phase III, Place du Portage, Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0S5, Canada, http://www.tpsgc-
Available from U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), 12601 Twinbrook
pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb.
Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852-1790, http://www.usp.org.
Available from Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), 1620 L St., NW, Suite
1200, Washington, DC 20036, www.personalcarecouncil.org.
FIG. 1 Accessibility Probes
F963 − 23
3.1.4 aquatic toy—an article, whether inflatable or not, normally put against the ear of a child (example—toy tele-
intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument phones that emit sounds from the earpiece).
of play in shallow water. This does not include bath toys, beach 3.1.14.1 Discussion—While these toys may be held in the
balls, and United States Coast Guard-approved life saving hand(s), they are distinguished from “hand-held” toys, as
devices. defined in 3.1.37, by their typical use distance.
3.1.15 coating—all layers of material formed or deposited
3.1.5 arrow—projectile in the form of a shaft with a length
on the base material or toy and includes paints, varnishes,
of 150 mm or more that is intended to be discharged from a
lacquers, or other substances of a similar nature, whether they
bow held by a child.
contain metallic particles or not, which can be removed by
3.1.6 art material—any substance marketed or represented
scraping with a sharp blade as defined under 16 CFR 1303, et
by the producer or repackager as suitable for use in any phase
seq.
of the creation of any work of visual or graphic art of any
3.1.16 collapse—sudden or unexpected folding of a struc-
medium. This definition includes items that become a compo-
ture.
nent of the work of art such as paint, canvas, inks, crayons,
chalk, solder, brazing rods, flux, paper, clay, stone, thread, 3.1.17 common household tool—screwdriver (straight-blade
cloth, and photographic film. It also includes items that are
or Phillips-type), pliers, coin, or other object commonly found
associated closely with the creation of the final work of art such in most households and which may be used to operate a screw,
as brushes, brush cleaners, solvents, ceramic kilns, silk screens,
clip, or similar fixing device.
molds, mold making material, and photographic developing
3.1.18 compression spring—spring which essentially re-
chemicals.
turns to its initial state after compression.
3.1.7 ball—any spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object that is
3.1.19 constant air inflatables—structure relying on a con-
designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped,
tinuous supply of air pressure supplied from one or more
or bounced. The term “ball” includes any spherical, ovoid, or
electrical blowers to maintain its shape, typically made of
ellipsoidal object that is attached to a toy or article by means of
flexible fabric and designed for children’s use that may include
string, elastic cord, or similar tether. The term “ball” also
but not be limited to the following activities: bounce, climb,
includes any multisided object formed by connecting planes
slide, or interactive play.
into a generally spherical ovoid, or ellipsoidal shape that is
3.1.20 cord—a length of slender, flexible material including
designated or intended to be used as a ball. The term “ball”
monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, plastic textile
does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed inside
tapes, ribbon, and those fibrous materials commonly called
pinball machines, mazes, or similar outer containers. A ball is
string.
permanently enclosed if, when tested in accordance with 16
3.1.21 cosmetics—for the purposes of this standard, cosmet-
CFR 1500.53, it is not removed from the outer container.
ics are items meeting the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics
3.1.8 base material—material upon which coatings may be
Act definition of a cosmetic (“any articles intended or likely to
formed or deposited.
be rubbed, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced onto, or
3.1.9 battery, button cell—small round non-lithium battery, otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing,
in which the overall height is less than the diameter. beautifying, promoting or enhancing attractiveness, or for
altering appearance”) that are sold as part of or included with
3.1.9.1 Discussion—This definition is from ANSI C18.1M
a toy, including such items sold for imitative or “dress-up”
Part 1; these batteries are typically identified by a SR or LR
play, as well as similar items which are intended to be applied
designation; for example: SR44, LR44, SR45, LR45, SR54,
to a toy (examples: eye shadow or lip gloss intended to be
LR54.
applied to a doll’s face; such items are not subject to FDCA
3.1.10 battery, coin cell—small round lithium battery, in
labeling requirements). “Cosmetics” also includes temporary
which the overall height is less than the diameter.
tattoos.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—This definition is from ANSI C18.1M
3.1.22 crushing—injury to part of the body resulting from
Part 1; these batteries are typically identified by a CR desig-
compression between two rigid surfaces.
nation; for example: CR1620, CR2016, CR2020, CR2032,
3.1.23 curled edge—an edge in which the portion of the
CR3032.
sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle
3.1.11 battery-operated toy—toy having at least one func-
of less than 90° with the base sheet, as shown in Fig. 2.
tion dependent on electricity and powered by batteries.
3.1.24 detection limit of a method—three times the standard
3.1.12 burr—a roughness that may be found at an edge or
deviation of the blank value.
joint of a toy or component if the material is not severed or
finished cleanly.
3.1.13 C-weighted peak sound pressure level, L —the
Cpeak
peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized
C-weighting.
3.1.14 close-to-the-ear toy—a toy that is intended to be used
close to the ear, that is, the sound-emitting part of such a toy is FIG. 2 Curled Edge
F963 − 23
3.1.25 discharge mechanism—a component(s) of the toy
which releases or propels the projectile into free flight.
3.1.26 edge, hazardous—an accessible edge that presents an
unreasonable risk of injury during the normal use and reason-
ably foreseeable abuse of a toy. Metal and glass edges on toys
intended for children under the age of eight years are defined
as potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp edge test
described in 16 CFR 1500.49. Edges other than metal and glass
are defined as potentially hazardous if they are sharp to the
touch under casual handling conditions.
3.1.27 elastic—material that will recover its former size and
shape essentially and instantaneously after being elongated at
least 10 % at a testing speed of not less than 20 in. (510
mm) ⁄min.
3.1.28 expanding material—any material used in a toy
which expands greater than 50 % in any dimension from its
as-received state when tested in accordance with 8.30.
3.1.29 explosive action—the sudden release of energy char-
acterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material.
3.1.30 extension spring—spring which essentially returns to
its initial state after tension.
3.1.31 fastener—mechanical device which attaches two or
more elements together (for example, screws, rivets, and
FIG. 3 Small Parts Cylinder
staples).
3.1.32 feathering—the beveling of an edge (or decrease in 3.1.41 helical spring—spring in the form of a coil.
thickness moving toward the edge) caused during the shearing
3.1.42 hemmed edge—an edge in which the portion of the
or cutting of material.
sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself
3.1.33 flash—excess material that escapes between the mat- through an angle of approximately 180°, so that the portion of
ing parts of a mold assembly. the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the
main sheet, as shown in Fig. 4.
3.1.34 folding mechanism—an assembly of hinged, pivoted,
folding, or sliding members that can produce a crushing,
3.1.43 hinge-line clearance—the distance between the sta-
scissoring, pinching, or shearing action during operation. tionary portion of a toy and the movable portion along, or
adjacent to, a line projected through the axis of rotation, shown
3.1.35 free flight—unconstrained travel caused by a force,
as Dimension A in Fig. 5.
other than gravity alone, through the air in a trajectory
regardless of whether the travel is ultimately constrained by
3.1.44 juvenile products—consumer products designed or
means of a tether (for example, pop-gun). intended primarily for use by children which are not used
primarily for play. These include, but are not limited to, items
3.1.36 fuzz—bits of fibrous-type material that can be readily
such as bassinets/cradles, bath seats, infant bath tubs, carriages
removed from toys with a pile surface.
and strollers, changing tables, full size cribs, gates and
3.1.37 hand-held toy—a toy that is intended to be used or
enclosures, handheld infant carriers, high chairs, infant
operated while being held in the hand. Examples include toy
bouncers, infant swings, play yards/non-full size cribs, portable
tools, small electronic games, stuffed animals, dolls, musical
bed rails, portable hook-on chairs, soft infant carriers, station-
toys, and cap-firing toys.
ary activity centers, toddler beds and walkers.
3.1.37.1 Discussion—This definition does not include close-
3.1.45 lap joint—a joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel
to-the-ear toys, as defined in 3.1.14.
surface but is not necessarily attached to it mechanically at all
3.1.38 hazard—any characteristic of a toy that presents an
points along the length, as in the examples shown in Fig. 6.
unreasonable risk of injury or illness during normal use or as a
3.1.46 large and bulky toy—toy that has a projected base
result of reasonably foreseeable abuse.
2 2
area of more than 400 in. (0.26 m ) or a volume of more than
3.1.39 hazardous magnet—a magnet which is a small object
3 3
3 ft (0.08 m ) calculated without regard to minor appendages.
(refer to 4.6 and Fig. 3) and which has a flux index ≥ 50 (as
determined in accordance with the test method in 8.25.1).
3.1.40 hazardous magnetic component—any part of a toy
that is a small object (refer to 4.6 and Fig. 3) and which
contains an attached or imbedded magnet which has a flux
index ≥ 50 (as determined in accordance with the test method
in 8.25.1). FIG. 4 Hemmed Edge
F963 − 23
FIG. 5 Changing Clearance at Hinge Line
toy or game. A marble is permanently enclosed if, when tested
in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.53, it is not removed from the
toy or game.
3.1.51 materials intended to leave a trace—graphite mate-
rial in pencils, liquid in pens, and similar substances.
3.1.52 maximum A-weighted sound pressure level, L —
AFmax
the maximum sound pressure level obtained when using
FIG. 6 Typical Lap Joints
standardized A-weighting and fast detector response (time-
weighting).
3.1.53 non-replaceable battery—an electrochemical device
that is not consumer accessible, is not intended to be replaced
NOTE 2—The base area for toys having permanently attached legs is
measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the
after the useful life of the battery, and is not accessible when
outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.
tested in accordance with the normal use and, where
3.1.47 latex balloon—any toy or decorative item consisting
appropriate, reasonably foreseeable abuse tests.
of a latex bag that is designed to be inflated by air or gas. The
3.1.53.1 Discussion—Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests
term does not include inflatable children’s toys that are used in
are included in 8.6 – 8.10.
aquatic activities such as rafts, water wings, swim rings, or
3.1.54 normal use—play modes that conform to the instruc-
other similar items.
tions accompanying the toy, that have been established by
3.1.48 leading edge(s)—the location(s) on or area(s) of the
tradition or custom, or that are evident from an examination of
projectile (for example, tips, edges, or protrusions), which
the toy.
would be expected to make contact with the eyeball in the
3.1.55 other materials, whether mass colored or not—
event of an intentional or unintended launch toward the eye.
materials such as wood, leather, and other porous substances
3.1.48.1 Discussion—This would include all areas that
which may absorb coloring matter without forming a coating.
could reasonably be expected to strike the eye in situations
3.1.56 packaging—material accompanying the toy when
where the projectile may travel in unpredictable orientations
purchased, but having no intended play function.
(for example, tumbling). In determining whether an edge can
strike the eye, the size and spherical shape of the eye should be
3.1.57 pinching—created when two moving or one moving
considered.
and one fixed surface come together in such a way that they
could entrap and compress flesh, usually resulting in a contu-
3.1.49 magnetic/electrical experimental set—toy containing
sion or laceration.
one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational
experiments involving both magnetism and electricity.
3.1.58 point, hazardous—an accessible point that presents
3.1.50 marble—a sphere made of a hard material, such as an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use or reasonably
glass, agate, marble, or plastic, that is used in various chil- foreseeable abuse. Points on toys intended for children under
dren’s games, generally as a playing piece or marker. The term the age of 8 years are potentially hazardous if they fail the
“marble” does not include a marble permanently enclosed in a sharp point test described in 16 CFR 1500.48.
F963 − 23
3.1.59 pompom—lengths or strands of fiber, yarns, or 3.1.70 rattle—a toy that is clearly designed to emit sound
threads clamped or secured and tied in the center, and brushed when shaken and typically intended for children under 18
up to form a spherical shape. Also included are spherical- months.
shaped attachments made of stuffed material.
3.1.71 reasonably foreseeable abuse—conditions to which a
3.1.60 primary battery—one or more primary cells, includ- child may subject a toy that are not normal use conditions, such
ing case, terminals, and markings. as deliberate disassembly, dropping, or using the toy for a
purpose for which it was not intended. Simulated use and abuse
3.1.61 primary cell—basic functional unit providing a
tests for toys are given in 16 CFR 1500.50-53 (excluding the
source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical
bite test, Paragraph (c), of each section).
energy, which consists of an assembly of electrodes, separators,
electrolyte, container, and terminals, and that is not designed to 3.1.72 reference box—a hypothetical surface which is the
be electrically recharged. smallest rectangular parallelepiped that encloses the toy with-
out regard to minor appendages.
3.1.62 principal display panel—the display panel for a retail
3.1.73 removable component—a component of a toy which
package or container, bin, or vending machine that is most
is intended or likely to be removed by the child during normal
likely to be displayed, shown, presented, or examined under
use.
normal or customary conditions of display for retail sale.
3.1.74 resilient leading edge—a leading edge of a projectile
3.1.63 projectile—an object intended to be launched into a
made with any material having a Shore A scale durometer of 70
free flight.
or less.
3.1.63.1 Discussion—This does not include self-propelled
3.1.74.1 Discussion—The measurement shall be performed
flying toys such as remote control helicopters and wind-up
in accordance with the latest revision of Test Method D2240.
airplanes. (See Rationale for additional explanation.)
3.1.75 rigid—any material having a hardness greater than
3.1.64 projectile toy with stored energy—toy with a projec-
70 Shore A scale durometer, as measured by the latest revision
tile launched by means of a discharge mechanism capable of
of Test Method D2240.
storing energy independent of the user and typically requiring
at least one discrete action by the user to launch the projectile.
3.1.76 rigid leading edge—a leading edge of a projectile
3.1.64.1 Discussion—This includes toy rockets and similar
made with any material having a Shore A scale durometer
toys propelled by a chemical reaction or compressed gasses
greater than 70.
(for example, air) where the energy can be stored independent
3.1.76.1 Discussion—The measurement shall be performed
of the user. For example, in a rocket propelled by a mixture of
in accordance with the latest revision of Test Method D2240.
vinegar and baking soda, the user initiates the reaction by
3.1.77 rolled edge—an edge in which the portion of the
mixing the two substances but no longer has control of the
sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle
actual launching. The rocket will launch when the pressure
between 90 and 120° with the main sheet, as shown in Fig. 7.
build up overcomes the force that holds the rocket onto the
3.1.78 scraping—mechanical removal of coatings down to
launch platform.
the base material without damaging the substrate material.
3.1.65 projectile toy without stored energy—toy with a
3.1.79 secondary battery—assembly of secondary cell(s)
projectile propelled by energy imparted by the user or by
ready for use as a source of electrical energy characterized by
means of a discharge mechanism incapable of storing energy
its voltage, size, terminal arrangement, capacity, and rate
independent of the user.
capability.
3.1.66 projection, hazardous—a projection that, because of
3.1.80 secondary cell—basic functional unit providing a
its material or configuration, or both, may present a puncture
source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical
hazard if a child should fall onto it. Excluded from this
energy, which consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte,
definition are puncture hazards to the eyes or mouth, or both,
container and terminals, and that is designed to be electrically
because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to
recharged.
those areas of the body by product design.
3.1.81 simulated protective equipment—toys designed to
3.1.67 protective cap or cover—a component that is at-
mimic products that infer some sort of physical protection to
tached to a potentially hazardous edge or projection to reduce
the wearer (for example, protective helmets and visors).
the possibility of injury.
3.1.82 soft-filled toy/stuffed toy—toy, clothed or unclothed,
3.1.68 protective tip—a component that is attached to the
with soft body surfaces and filled with soft materials, allowing
impacting end of a projectile to minimize injury if it should
compression of the torso readily with the hand.
impact on the body, and also to prevent damage to the
projectile upon striking a target, provide a means of attaching
the projectile to the target as in the case of suction cups, or
prevent damage to inanimate objects.
3.1.69 push or pull toy—a toy with a cord, tether, or handle
attached to the toy and where the toy is intended for use on the
floor or ground with the child in a standing/upright position,
typically walking, while pushing or pulling the toy. FIG. 7 Rolled Edge
F963 − 23
3.1.83 splinter—sharp pointed fragment. 4. Safety Requirements
3.1.84 spiral spring—clockwork-type spring.
4.1 Material Quality—Toys may be made from new or
reprocessed materials and shall be visually clean and free from
3.1.85 squeeze toy—a handheld pliable toy, intended for
infestation. The materials shall be assessed visually by the
children under the age of 18 months, usually incorporating a
unaided eye rather than under magnification. If reprocessed
noise-making feature activated by forcing air through an
materials are used, they shall be refined so that the level of
opening when flexed or squeezed, and which recovers to its
hazardous substances conforms to the requirements of 4.3.1.
original shape when released.
4.2 Flammability—Materials other than textiles (excluding
3.1.86 steady-state sound (noise)—noise in which there are
paper) used in toys shall not be flammable, as defined under 16
negligibly small fluctuations of sound pressure level within the
CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) under the Federal Hazardous Substances
period of observation.
Act (FHSA) (see 16 CFR 1500). For testing purposes, any
3.1.87 strap—a piece of flexible material in which the width
textile fabrics used in toys shall comply with 16 CFR 1610. A
is significantly greater than the thickness.
test procedure for testing flammability of toys, which is an
interpretation of 16 CFR 1500.44, is contained in Annex A5. A
3.1.88 substrate material—all of the accessible materials
present in toys, other than paint or similar surface coatings. procedure for testing the flammability of fabrics is contained in
Annex A6.
3.1.89 tabletop, floor, or crib toy—toys intended to be used
4.3 Toxicology:
atop a table, on the floor or ground, or on or attached to a crib;
the child can be sitting or standing at the table; sitting,
4.3.1 Hazardous Substances—Toys or materials used in toys
kneeling, or lying on the floor or ground; or sitting, lying, or shall conform to the FHSA and to the regulations promulgated
standing in a crib while the toy is in use.
under that act. Exemptions to this act for certain types of toys
are given in 16 CFR 1500.85. The regulations define limits for
3.1.89.1 Discussion—These toys can remain stationary, be
substances that are toxic, corrosive, an irritant, sensitizer or
self-propelled, be user-propelled, or any combination of these
pressure generating, and radioactive, flammable, and combus-
modes. Examples of tabletop, floor, or crib toys include, but are
tible materials. Testing references for hazard
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F963 − 17 F963 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Toy Safety
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this consumer safety specification is to establish nationally recognized safety
requirements for toys. Although this specification will not eliminate the need for the exercise of
parental responsibility in selecting toys appropriate to the age of a child, or parental supervision in
situations in which children of various ages may have access to the same toys, its application will
minimize accidents in the normal, intended use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the toys covered
by this specification. This specification was developed originally as a Voluntary Product Standard
under the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and published in
1976 (PS 72–76). The present revision is intended to update the safety requirements to include the
following by reference: published federal mandatory requirements, relevant voluntary standards,
certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards, and several technical revisions based on
producer experience with the original standard.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered
in the normal use for which a toy is intended or after reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to cover every conceivable
hazard of a particular toy. This specification does not cover product performance or quality, except as related to safety. Except for
the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended, this specification has
no requirements for those aspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy. Such
an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is an inherent hazard that is well understood by the
purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process.
1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its use (for example, falling off onto the sidewalk),
the possible hazards associated with its construction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will be minimized by the application
of this specification.
1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years of age.
Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this specification. These limits reflect the nature of the hazards and
expected mental or physical ability, or both, of a child to cope with the hazards.
1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:
This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.22
on Toy Safety.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
F963 – 16.F963 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F0963-17.10.1520/F0963-23.
The Toy Association sometimes provides its interpretations of this specification through its counsel as a service to its members and others. The Toy Association’s
interpretations are not reviewed or approved by ASTM and should be viewed as The Toy Association’s alone.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F963 − 23
Bicycles
Tricycles
Non-Powered Scooters
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2264)
Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
(see Consumer Safety Specification F2641)
Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts
Playground equipment
Non-powder guns
Kites
Hobby and craft items in which the finished item is not
primarily of play value
Model kits in which the finished item is not primarily of
play value
Crayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials in
which the material itself or the finished item is not
primarily of play value, except that all art materials,
whether or not a component of a toy, shall comply with
LHAMA, in accordance with 4.29.1 – 4.29.3.
Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment,
musical instruments, juvenile products, and furniture;
however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.
(It is recognized that there is often a fine line between,
for example, a musical instrument or a sporting item
and its toy counterpart. The intention of the producer
or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably
foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a
toy counterpart.)
Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and land
vehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts are
covered.
Constant air inflatables
1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy packaging are contained in Annex A1.
1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is contained in Annex A2.
1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:
Title Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Safety Requirements 4
Material Quality 4.1
Flammability 4.2
Toxicology 4.3
Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4
Sound-Producing Toys 4.5
Sound-producing Toys 4.5
Small Objects 4.6
Accessible Edges 4.7
Projections 4.8
Accessible Points 4.9
Wires or Rods 4.10
Nails and Fasteners 4.11
Plastic Film 4.12
Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13
Cords, Straps, and Elastics 4.14
Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.15
Stability and Over-load Requirements 4.15
Confined Spaces 4.16
Wheels, Tires, and Axles 4.17
F963 − 23
Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18
Simulated Protective Devices 4.19
Pacifiers 4.20
Projectile Toys 4.21
Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22
Rattles 4.23
Squeeze Toys 4.24
Battery-Operated Toys 4.25
Battery-operated Toys 4.25
Toys Intended to be Attached to a Crib
or Playpen 4.26
Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys 4.27
Stuffed and Beanbag-type Toys 4.27
Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.28
Art Materials 4.29
Toy Gun Marking 4.30
Balloons 4.31
Certain Toys with Nearly Spherical Ends 4.32
Marbles 4.33
Balls 4.34
Pompoms 4.35
Hemispheric-Shaped Objects 4.36
Hemispheric-shaped Objects 4.36
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.37
Magnets 4.38
Jaw Entrapment in Handles and Steering Wheels 4.39
Expanding Materials 4.40
Toy Chests 4.41
Labeling Requirements 5
Instructional Literature 6
Producer’s Markings 7
Test Methods 8
General 8.1
Testing for Hazardous Substance Content 8.2
Test Methods for Determination of Heavy Element 8.3
Content in Toys, Toy Components, and Materials
Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness 8.4
Normal Use Testing 8.5
Abuse Testing 8.6
Impact Tests 8.7
Torque Tests for Removal of Components 8.8
Tension Test for Removal of Components 8.9
Compression Test 8.10
Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel and
Axle Assembly Removal 8.11
Flexure Test 8.12
Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys and Mouth-Actuated Projectile 8.13
Toys
Test for Mouth-actuated Toys and Mouth-actuated Projectile 8.13
Toys
Projectiles 8.14
Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys or Toy Seats 8.15
Test for Stability of Ride-on Toys or Toy Seats 8.15
Pompoms 8.16
Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys 8.17
Stalled Motor Test for Battery-operated Toys 8.17
Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys 8.18
Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-on Toys 8.18
Test for Toys that Contain Secondary Cells or Batteries 8.19
Tests for Toys which Produce Noise 8.20
Tests for Toys which Produce Sound 8.20
Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-On Toys 8.21
Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-on Toys 8.21
Plastic Film Thickness 8.22
Test for Loops and Cords 8.23
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods 8.24
Magnet Test Methods 8.25
Test Methods for Locking Mechanisms or
Other Means 8.26
Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures 8.27
Test for Overload of Ride-On Toys and Toy Seats 8.28
Test for Overload of Ride-on Toys and Toy Seats 8.28
Stuffing Materials Evaluation 8.29
Expanding Materials – Test Method 8.30
Identification 9
Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1
Packaging and Shipping Annex A2
Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribs
F963 − 23
or Playpens Annex A3
Design Guidelines for Bath Toy Projections Annex A4
Flammability Testing Procedure for Solids and Soft Toys Annex A5
Flammability Testing Procedure for Fabrics Annex A6
Compositing Procedure for Total Heavy Metal Analysis Annex A7
Design Guidelines for Battery Operated Toys Annex A8
Rationale for 2007 Revisions Annex A9
Rationale for 2008 Revisions Annex A10
Rationale for 2011 Revisions Annex A11
Rationale for 2016 Revisions Annex A12
Rationale for 2017 Revisions Annex A13
Rationale for 2023 Revisions Annex A14
1.8 The values stated first are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3421 Recommended Practice for Extraction and Determination of Plasticizer Mixtures from Vinyl Chloride Plastics
(Withdrawn 1986)
D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
F404 Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor Tile
F1313 Specification for Volatile N-Nitrosamine Levels in Rubber Nipples on Pacifiers (Withdrawn 2020)
F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment
F2264 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powered Scooters
F2641 Consumer Safety Specification for Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes
F2853 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials
by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams
F2923 Specification for Consumer Product Safety for Children’s Jewelry
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI C18.1 M, Part 1 American National Standard for Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte – General
and Specifications
ANSI C18.1 M, Part 2 American National Standard for Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte – Safety
Standard
ANSI C18.2 M, Part 1 American National Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries – General and Specifications
ANSI C18.2 M, Part 2 American National Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries – Safety Standard
ANSI C18.3 M, Part 1 American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries – General and
Specifications
ANSI C18.3 M, Part 2 American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries – Safety Standard
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Electronic copy available from American National Standards Institute website: www.ansi.org; hard copies from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,
Englewood, CO 80112.
F963 − 23
ANSI/UL 1012 Power Units Other Than Class 2
ANSI/UL 60950–1 Information Technology Equipment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements
ANSI/UL 2595 General Requirements for Battery-Powered Appliances
S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
Z315.1 Safety Requirements for Tricycles
2.3 European Union Standards:
EN 71-1 Safety of toys -– Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties
EN 71-3 Safety of toys -– Part 3: Migration of certain elements
2.4 Federal Standards:
15 CFR 272 Marking of Toys,Toy, Look-Alike and Imitation Firearms
16 CFR 1199.1 Children’s toys and child care articles: Phthalate-containing inaccessible component parts
16 CFR 1251 Toys: Determinations Regarding Heavy Elements Limits for Certain Materials
16 CFR 1252 Children’s Products, Children’s Toys, and Child Care Articles: Determinations Regarding Lead, ASTM F963
Elements, and Phthalates for Engineered Wood Products
16 CFR 1253 Children’s Toys and Child Care Articles: Determinations Regarding the ASTM F963 Elements and Phthalates for
Unfinished Manufactured Fibers
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint
16 CFR 1307 Prohibition of Children’s Toys and Child Care Articles Containing Specified Phthalates
16 CFR 1308 Prohibition of Children’s Toys and Child Care Articles Containing Specified Phthalates: Determinations Regarding
Certain Plastics
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, including the following sections:
16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “flammable solid”
16 CFR 1500.14 Products requiring special labeling under section 3(b) of the act
16 CFR 1500.18 Banned toys and other banned articles intended for use by children
16 CFR 1500.19 Misbranded toys and other articles intended for use by children
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for determining extremely flammable and flammable solids
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for determining a sharp point in toys and other articles intended for use by children
under 8 years of age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical requirements for determining a sharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articles intended for use
by children under 8 years of age
16 CFR 1500.50-53 Test method for simulating use and abuse of toys and other articles intended for use by children
16 CFR 1500.83 Exemptions for small packages, minor hazards, and special circumstances
16 CFR 1500.85 Exemptions from classification as banned hazardous substances
16 CFR 1500.86 Exemptions from classification as a banned toy or other banned article for use by children
16 CFR 1500.87 Children’s products containing lead: inaccessible component parts
16 CFR 1500.88 Exemptions from lead limits under section 101 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act for certain
electronic devices
16 CFR 1500.91 Determinations regarding lead content for certain materials or products under section 101 of the Consumer
Product Safety Improvement Act
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Age which Present
Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts
16 CFR 1505 Requirements for Electrically Operated Toys or Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1510 Requirements for Rattles
16 CFR 1511 Requirements for Pacifiers
16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Textiles
21 CFR 110 Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Processing, Packaging, or Holding Human Food
21 CFR 170-189 Food for Human Consumption
21 CFR 700-740 Requirements for Specific Cosmetic Products
21 CFR 73, 74, 81, 82 Color Additives
29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards
40 CFR 141.63 Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for Microbiological Contaminants
49 CFR 173.100, 109 Definition of Class C Explosives
CPSC-CH-C1001-09.4 Standard Operating Procedure for Determination of Phthalates
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website:
www.cpsc.gov or U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents; P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954; website: www.gpo.gov
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov.
F963 − 23
CPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Metal Children’s Products (including
Children’s Metal Jewelry)
CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Total Lead (Pb) in Non-Metal Children’s Products
CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1 Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Lead (Pb) in Paint and Other Similar Surface Coatings
CPSC-CH-E1004-11 Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Cadmium (Cd) Extractability from Children’s Metal
Jewelry
MIL-D-17951 Military Specification: Deck Covering, Lightweight, Nonslip, Abrasive Particle Coated Fabric, Film, or
Composite and Sealing Compound
SS-T-312B Tile, Floor: Asphalt, Rubber, Vinyl, VinylAsbestos
Voluntary Product Standard PS 72-76 Toy Safety
2.5 ISO and IEC Standards:
ISO 3696 Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification use – Specification and test methods
ISO 3746:1995 Acoustics—DeterminationAcoustics – Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound
Pressure—SurveyPressure – Survey Method Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface Over a Reflecting Plane
ISO 7779 Acoustics–MeasurementAcoustics – Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Computer and Business Equipment
ISO 8124-1 Safety of toys – Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 8124-3 Safety of toys – Part 3: Migration of certain elements
ISO 11201 Acoustics—NoiseAcoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—DeterminationEquipment – Determi-
nation of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions in an Essentially Free Field Over
a Reflecting Plane with Negligible Environmental Corrections
ISO 11202 Acoustics—NoiseAcoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—MeasurementEquipment – Measure-
ment of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions—SurveyPositions – Survey
Method in situ
ISO 11204 Acoustics—NoiseAcoustics – Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—MeasurementEquipment – Measure-
ment of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions—MethodPositions – Method
Requiring Environmental Corrections
IEC 60086–2 Primary Batteries: Physical and Electrical Specifications
IEC 60384–14 Fixed Capacitors for Use in Electronic Equipment—PartEquipment – Part 14: Sectional Specification—
FixedSpecification – Fixed Capacitors for Electromagnetic Interference Suppression and Connection to the Supply Mains
IEC 60738–1 Thermistors—DirectlyThermistors – Directly Heated Positive Temperature Coefficient—PartCoefficient – Part 1:
Generic Specification
IEC 60950–1 Information Technology Equipment—Safety—PartEquipment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements
IEC 61672–1 Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—PartElectroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part 1: Specifications
IEC 61672–2 Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—PartElectroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part 2: Pattern Evaluation
Tests
IEC 62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes—SafetyElectrolytes – Safety
Requirements for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for Batteries Made From Them, For Use in Portable Applications
2.6 UL Standards:
UL-94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing
UL 1642 Standard for Lithium Batteries
UL 2054 Standard for Household and Commercial Batteries
UL 62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes—SafetyElectrolytes – Safety
Requirements for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for Batteries Made From Them, For Use in Portable Applications
ANSI/UL 1012 Power Units Other Than Class 2
ANSI/UL 2595 General Requirements for Battery-Powered Appliances
ANSI/UL 60950–1 Information Technology Equipment—Safety—PartEquipment – Safety – Part 1: General Requirements
2.7 Canadian Standards:
CAN/CSA E62133 Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes—SafetyElectro-
lytes – Safety Requirements for Portable Sealed Secondary Cells and for Batteries Made From Them, For Use in Portable
Applications
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
Available from Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), 11 Laurier St., Phase III, Place du Portage, Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0S5, Canada, http://www.tpsgc-
pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb.
F963 − 23
2.8 Other Documents:
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-1 Determination of the Microbial Content of Personal Care Products
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-2 Examination for and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-3 A Method for Preservation Testing of Water Miscible Personal Care Products
CTFA Microbiological Guidelines, Methods M-6 A Method for Preservation Testing of Atypical Personal Care Products
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual
United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current), Method 61 Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products:
Microbial Enumeration Tests
United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current), Method 62 Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products:
Tests for Specified Microorganisms
United States Pharmacopeia, Volume 35 (or most current), Chapter 1231 Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level, L —the level of a steady-state sound which, in a stated time period and at a
Aeq
stated location, has the same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.
3.1.2 accessible—(part or component) describing any area of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar
of the accessibility probe as described in 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. (See Fig. 1.)
NOTE 1—Dimensions are provided in Fig. 1 for two probes corresponding to two age ranges of children.
3.1.3 alkaline battery—a non-rechargeable dry cell battery with an alkaline manganese electrochemistry.
3.1.4 aquatic toy—an article, whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in
shallow water. This does not include bath toys, beach balls, and United States Coast Guard-approved life saving devices.
FIG. 1 Accessibility Probes
Available from Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), 1620 L St., NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC 20036, www.personalcarecouncil.org.
Available from U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, https://www.fda.gov/food/foodscienceresearch/
laboratorymethods/ucm2006949.htm#intro.
Available from U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852-1790, http://www.usp.org.
F963 − 23
3.1.5 arrow—projectile in the form of a shaft with a length of 150 mm or more that is intended to be discharged from a bow held
by a child.
3.1.6 art material—any substance marketed or represented by the producer or repackager as suitable for use in any phase of the
creation of any work of visual or graphic art of any medium. This definition includes items that become a component of the work
of art such as paint, canvas, inks, crayons, chalk, solder, brazing rods, flux, paper, clay, stone, thread, cloth, and photographic film.
It also includes items that are associated closely with the creation of the final work of art such as brushes, brush cleaners, solvents,
ceramic kilns, silk screens, molds, mold making material, and photographic developing chemicals.
3.1.7 ball—any spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object that is designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped, or
bounced. The term “ball” includes any spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object that is attached to a toy or article by means of string,
elastic cord, or similar tether. The term “ball” also includes any multisided object formed by connecting planes into a generally
spherical ovoid, or ellipsoidal shape that is designated or intended to be used as a ball. The term “ball” does not include dice, or
balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes, or similar outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when
tested in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.53, it is not removed from the outer container.
3.1.8 base material—material upon which coatings may be formed or deposited.
3.1.9 battery, button cell—small round non-lithium battery, in which the overall height is less than the diameter.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—
This definition is from ANSI C18.1M Part 1; these batteries are typically identified by a SR or LR designation; for example: SR44,
LR44, SR45, LR45, SR54, LR54.
3.1.10 battery, coin cell—small round lithium battery, in which the overall height is less than the diameter.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—
This definition is from ANSI C18.1M Part 1; these batteries are typically identified by a CR designation; for example: CR1620,
CR2016, CR2020, CR2032, CR3032.
3.1.11 battery-operated toy—toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries.
3.1.12 burr—a roughness that may be found at an edge or joint of a toy or component if the material is not severed or finished
cleanly.
3.1.13 C-weighted peak sound pressure level, L —the peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized
Cpeak
C-weighting.
3.1.14 close-to-the-ear toy—a toy that is intended to be used close to the ear, that is, the sound emitting sound-emitting part of
such a toy is normally put against the ear of a child (example—toy telephones that emit sounds from the earpiece).
3.1.14.1 Discussion—
While these toys may be held in the hand(s), they are distinguished from “hand-held” toys, as defined in 3.1.37, by their typical
use distance.
3.1.15 coating—all layers of material formed or deposited on the base material or toy and includes paints, varnishes, lacquers, or
other substances of a similar nature, whether they contain metallic particles or not, which can be removed by scraping with a sharp
blade as defined under 16 CFR 1303, et seq.
3.1.16 collapse—sudden or unexpected folding of a structure.
3.1.17 common household tool—screwdriver (straight-blade or Phillips-type), pliers, coin, or other object commonly found in
most households and which may be used to operate a screw, clip, or similar fixing device.
3.1.18 compression spring—spring which essentially returns to its initial state after compression.
F963 − 23
3.1.19 constant air inflatables—structure relying on a continuous supply of air pressure supplied from one or more electrical
blowers to maintain its shape, typically made of flexible fabric and designed for children’s use that may include but not be limited
to the following activities: bounce, climb, slide, or interactive play.
3.1.20 cord—a length of slender, flexible material including monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, plastic textile tapes,
ribbon, and those fibrous materials commonly called string.
3.1.21 cosmetics—for the purposes of this standard, cosmetics are items meeting the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
definition of a cosmetic (“any articles intended or likely to be rubbed, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced onto, or otherwise
applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting or enhancing attractiveness, or for altering appearance”) that are
sold as part of or included with a toy, including such items sold for imitative or “dress-up” play, as well as similar items which
are intended to be applied to a toy (examples: eye shadow or lip gloss intended to be applied to a doll’s face; such items are not
subject to FDCA labeling requirements). “Cosmetics” also includes temporary tattoos.
3.1.22 crushing—injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces.
3.1.23 curled edge—an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less
than 90° with the base sheet, as shown in Fig. 2.
3.1.24 detection limit of a method—three times the standard deviation of the blank value.
3.1.25 discharge mechanism—a component(s) of the toy which releases or propels the projectile into free flight.
3.1.26 edge, hazardous—an accessible edge that presents an unreasonable risk of injury during the normal use and reasonably
foreseeable abuse of a toy. Metal and glass edges on toys intended for children under the age of eight years are defined as
potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp edge test described in 16 CFR 1500.49. Edges other than metal and glass are defined
as potentially hazardous if they are sharp to the touch under casual handling conditions.
3.1.27 elastic—material that will recover its former size and shape essentially and instantaneously after being elongated at least
10 % at a testing speed of not less than 20 20 in. (510
in. mm) (510 mm)/min.⁄min.
3.1.28 expanding material—any material used in a toy which expands greater than 50 % in any dimension from its as-received
state (seewhen 8.30.2), at any time interval,tested in accordance with 8.30 when measured after 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours of
submersion in deionized water as specified in 8.30.3 – 8.30.5.
3.1.29 explosive action—the sudden release of energy characterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material.
3.1.30 extension spring—spring which essentially returns to its initial state after tension.
3.1.31 fastener—mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together (for example, screws, rivets, and staples).
3.1.32 feathering—the beveling of an edge (or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge) caused during the shearing or
cutting of material.
3.1.33 flash—excess material that escapes between the mating parts of a mold assembly.
FIG. 2 Curled Edge
F963 − 23
3.1.34 folding mechanism—an assembly of hinged, pivoted, folding, or sliding members that can produce a crushing, scissoring,
pinching, or shearing action during operation.
3.1.35 free flight—unconstrained travel caused by a force, other than gravity alone, through the air in a trajectory regardless of
whether the travel is ultimately constrained by means of a tether (for example, pop-gun).
3.1.36 fuzz—bits of fibrous-type material that can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface.
3.1.37 hand-held toy—a toy that is intended to be used or operated while being held in the hand. Examples include toy tools, small
electronic games, stuffed animals, dolls, musical toys, and cap-firing toys.
3.1.37.1 Discussion—
This definition does not include close-to-the-ear toys, as defined in 3.1.14.
3.1.38 hazard—any characteristic of a toy that presents an unreasonable risk of injury or illness during normal use or as a result
of reasonably foreseeable abuse.
3.1.39 hazardous magnet—a magnet which is a small object (refer to 4.6 and Fig. 3) and which has a flux index ≥ 50 (as
determined in accordance with the test method in 8.25.1).
3.1.40 hazardous magnetic component—any part of a toy that is a small object (refer to 4.6 and Fig. 3) and which contains an
attached or imbedded magnet which has a flux index ≥ 50 (as determined in accordance with the test method in 8.25.1).
3.1.41 helical spring—spring in the form of a coil.
3.1.42 hemmed edge—an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an
angle of approximately 180°, so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the main sheet, as
shown in Fig. 4.
FIG. 3 Small Parts Cylinder
F963 − 23
FIG. 4 Hemmed Edge
3.1.43 hinge-line clearance—the distance between the stationary portion of a toy and the movable portion along, or adjacent to,
a line projected through the axis of rotation, shown as Dimension A in Fig. 5.
3.1.44 juvenile products—consumer products designed or intended primarily for use by children which are not used primarily for
play. These include, but are not limited to, items such as bassinets/cradles, bath seats, infant bath tubs, carriages and strollers,
changing tables, full size cribs, gates and enclosures, handheld infant carriers, high chairs, infant bouncers, infant swings, play
yards/non-full size cribs, portable bed rails, portable hook-on chairs, soft infant carriers, stationary activity centers, toddler beds
and walkers.
3.1.45 lap joint—a joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily attached to it mechanically at all points
along the length, as in the examples shown in Fig. 6.
2 2 3
3.1.46 large and bulky toy—toy that has a projected base area of more than 400 in. (0.26 m ) or a volume of more than 3 ft (0.08
m ) calculated without regard to minor appendages.
FIG. 5 Changing Clearance at Hinge Line
F963 − 23
FIG. 6 Typical Lap Joints
NOTE 2—The base area for toys having permanently attached legs is measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the outermost
edge of each leg of the perimeter.
3.1.47 latex balloon—any toy or decorative item consisting of a latex bag that is designed to be inflated by air or gas. The term
does not include inflatable children’s toys that are used in aquatic activities such as rafts, water wings, swim rings, or other similar
items.
3.1.48 leading edge(s)—the location(s) on or area(s) of the projectile (for example, tips, edges, or protrusions), which would be
expected to make contact with the eyeball in the event of an intentional or unintended launch toward the eye.
3.1.48.1 Discussion—
This would include all areas that could reasonably be expected to strike the eye in situations where the projectile may travel in
unpredictable orientations (for example, tumbling). In determining whether an edge can strike the eye, the size and spherical shape
of the eye should be considered.
3.1.49 magnetic/electrical experimental set—toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational
experiments involving both magnetism and electricity.
3.1.50 marble—a sphere made of a hard material, such as glass, agate, marble, or plastic, that is used in various children’s games,
generally as a playing piece or marker. The term “marble” does not include a marble permanently enclosed in a toy or game. A
marble is permanently enclosed if, when tested in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.53, it is not removed from the toy or game.
3.1.51 materials intended to leave a trace—graphite material in pencils, liquid in pens, and similar substances.
3.1.52 maximum A-weighted sound pressure level, L —the maximum sound pressure level obtained when using standardized
AFmax
A-weighting and fast detector response (time-weighting).
3.1.53 non-replaceable battery—an electrochemical device that is not consumer accessible, is not intended to be replaced after the
useful life of the battery, and is not accessible when tested in accordance with the normal use and, where appropriate, reasonably
foreseeable abuse tests.
3.1.53.1 Discussion—
Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests are included in 8.6 – 8.10.
3.1.54 normal use—play modes that conform to the instructions accompanying the toy, that have been established by tradition or
custom, or that are evident from an examination of the toy.
3.1.55 other materials, whether mass colored or not—materials such as wood, leather, and other porous substances which may
absorb coloring matter without forming a coating.
3.1.56 packaging—material accompanying the toy when purchased, but having no intended play function.
3.1.57 pinching—created when two moving or one moving and one fixed surface come together in such a way that they could
entrap and compress flesh, usually resulting in a contusion or laceration.
F963 − 23
3.1.58 point, hazardous—an accessible point that presents an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use or reasonably
foreseeable abuse. Points on toys intended for children under the age of 8 years are potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp point
test described in 16 CFR 1500.48.
3.1.59 pompom—lengths or strands of fiber, yarns, or threads clamped or secured and tied in the center, and brushed up to form
a spherical shape. Also included are spherical-shaped attachments made of stuffed material.
3.1.60 primary battery—one or more primary cells, including case, terminals, and markings.
3.1.61 primary cell—basic functional unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy, which
consists of an assembly of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container, and terminals, and that is not designed to be electrically
recharged.
3.1.62 principal display panel—the display panel for a retail package or container, bin, or vending machine that is most likely to
be displayed, shown, presented, or examined under normal or customary conditions of display for retail sale.
3.1.63 projectile—an object intended to be launched into a free flight.
3.1.63.1 Discussion—
This does not include self-propelled flying toys such as remote control helicopters and wind-up airplanes. (See Rationale for
additional explanation.)
3.1.64 projectile toy with stored energy—toy with a projectile launched by means of a discharge mechanism capable of storing
energy independent of the user and typically requiring at least one discrete action by the user to launch the projectile.
3.1.64.1 Discussion—
This includes toy rockets and similar toys propelled by a chemical reaction or compressed gasses (for example, air) where the
energy can be stored independent of the user. For example, in a rocket propelled by a mixture of vinegar and baking soda, the user
initiates the reaction by mixing the two substances but no longer has control of the actual launching. The rocket will launch when
the pressure build up overcomes the force that holds the rocket onto the launch platform.
3.1.65 projectile toy without stored energy—toy with a projectile propelled by energy imparted by the user or by means of a
discharge mechanism incapable of storing energy independent of the user.
3.1.66 projection, hazardous—a projection that, because of its material or configuration, or both, may present a puncture hazard
if a child should fall onto it. Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes or mouth, or both, because of the
impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design.
3.1.67 protective cap or cover—a component that is attached to a potentially hazardous edge or projection to reduce the possibility
of injury.
3.1.68 protective tip—a component that is attached to the impacting end of a projectile to minimize injury if it should impact on
the body, and also to prevent damage to the projectile upon striking a target, provide a means of attaching the projectile to the target
as in the case of suction cups, or prevent damage to inanimate objects.
3.1.69 push/pull push or pull toy—a toy with a cord/tether or a cord, tether, or handle attached to the toy and where the toy is
intended for use on the floor or ground with the child in a standing/upright position, typically walking, while using pushing or
pulling the toy.
3.1.70 rattle—a toy that is clearly designed to emit sound when shaken and typically intended for children under 18 months.
3.1.71 reasonably foreseeable abuse—conditions to which a child may subject a toy that are not normal use conditions, such as
deliberate disassembly, dropping, or using the toy for a purpose for which it was not intended. Simulated use and abuse tests for
toys are given in 16 CFR 1500.50-53 (excluding the bite test, Paragraph (c), of each section).
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3.1.72 reference box—a hypothetical surface which is the smallest rectangular parallelepiped that encloses the toy without regard
to minor appendages.
3.1.73 removable component—a component of a toy which is intended or likely to be removed by the child during normal use.
3.1.74 resilient leading edge—a leading edge of a projectile made with any material having a Shore A scale durometer of 70 or
less.
3.1.74.1 Discussion—
The measurement shall be performed in accordance with the latest revision of Test Method D2240.
3.1.75 rigid—any material having a hardness greater than 70 Shore A scale durometer, as measured by the latest revision of Test
Method D2240.
3.1.76 rigid leading edge—a leading edge of a projectile made with any material having a Shore A scale durometer greater than
70.
3.1.76.1 Discussion—
The measurement shall be performed in accordance with the latest revision of Test Method D2240.
3.1.77 rolled edge—an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between
90 and 120° with the main sheet, as shown in Fig. 7.
3.1.78 scraping—mechanical removal of coatings down to the base material without damaging the substrate material.
3.1.79 secondary battery—assembly of secondary cell(s) ready for use as a source of electrical energy characterized by its voltage,
size, terminal arrangement, capacity, and rate capability.
3.1.80 secondary cell—basic functional unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy,
which consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals, and that is designed to be electrically recharged.
3.1.81 simulated protective equipment—toys designed to mimic products that infer some sort of physical protection to the wearer
(for example, protective helmets and visors).
3.1.82 soft-filled toy/stuffed toy—toy, clothed or unclothed, with soft body surfaces and filled with soft materials, allowing
compression of the torso readily with the hand.
3.1.83 splinter—sharp pointed fragment.
3.1.84 spiral spring—clockwork-type spring.
3.1.85 squeeze toy—a handheld pliable toy, intended for children under the age of 18 months, usually incorporating a
noise-making feature activated by forcing air through an opening when flexed or squeezed, and which recovers to its original shape
when released.
3.1.86 steady-state sound (noise)—noise in which there are negligibly small fluctuations of sound pressure level within the period
of observation.
3.1.87 strap—a piece of flexible material in which the width is significantly greater than the thickness.
FIG. 7 Rolled Edge
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3.1.88 substrate material—all of the accessible materials present in toys, o
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