ASTM C441/C441M-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used as a preliminary or screening test to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a number of different materials being considered for use to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be used on the job.
4.3 This test method does not assess the suitability of pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should comply with Specification C618, Specification C989/C989M or Specification C1240.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive expansion caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the expansion developed in mortar bars by a combination of portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive aggregates (borosilicate glass), during storage under prescribed conditions of test.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C441/C441M − 17
Standard Test Method for
Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in
Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the
1
Alkali-Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C441/C441M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effec-
Specimens)
tiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
expansion caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies
gregates
in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
expansion developed in mortar bars by a combination of
C305Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
aggregates(borosilicateglass),duringstorageunderprescribed
C490/C490MPractice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-
conditions of test.
mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Mortar, and Concrete
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
conformancewiththestandard.SomevalueshaveonlySIunits
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
C989/C989MSpecification for Slag Cement for Use in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Concrete and Mortars
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C1240Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Mixtures
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- C1437Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Sieves
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
method, refer to Terminology C125.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method may be used as a preliminary or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
screeningtesttoevaluatetherelativeeffectivenessofanumber
of different materials being considered for use to prevent
excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.50 on Aggregate Reactions in Concrete.
proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C441/C441M–11.
quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be
DOI: 10.1520/C0441_C0441M–17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or used on the job.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.3 This test method does not assess the suitability of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C441/C441M − 17
comply with Specification C618, Specification C989/C989M end of the bars
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C441/C441M − 11 C441/C441M − 17
Standard Test Method for
Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in
Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the
1
Alkali-Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C441/C441M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive expansion
caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the expansion
developed in mortar bars by a combination of portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive aggregates (borosilicate
glass), during storage under prescribed conditions of test.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound
equivalents are not used in practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C227C305 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)Practice for
Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.50 on
Aggregate Reactions in Concrete.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011Dec. 15, 2017. Published November 2011January 2018. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as C441/C441M–05.–11. DOI: 10.1520/C0441_C0441M–11.10.1520/C0441_C0441M–17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C441/C441M − 17
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method may be used as a preliminary or screening test to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a number of different
materials being considered for use to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials proposed for use on a particular
...
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