ASTM C441/C441M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used as a preliminary or screening test to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a number of different materials being considered for use to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
This test method may also be used to evaluate materials proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be used on the job.
This test method does not assess the suitability of pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should comply with Specification C618, Specification C989 or Specification C1240.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive expansion caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the expansion developed in mortar bars by a combination of portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive aggregates (borosilicate glass), during storage under prescribed conditions of test.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C441/C441M − 11
Standard Test Method for
Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in
Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the
1
Alkali-Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C441/C441M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effec- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
expansion caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies gregates
in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the C150Specification for Portland Cement
expansion developed in mortar bars by a combination of C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
aggregates(borosilicateglass),duringstorageunderprescribed C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
conditions of test. Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteand
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Mortars
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C1240Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Mixtures
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
C1437Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method, refer to Terminology C125.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method may be used as a preliminary or
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
screeningtesttoevaluatetherelativeeffectivenessofanumber
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of different materials being considered for use to prevent
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the
quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be
used on the job.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C09.50 on Aggregate Reactions in Concrete. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C441/C441M–05. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C0441_C0441M–11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C441/C441M − 11
4.3 This test method does not assess the suitability of 7.3 Test Mixture Using Slag—The quantities of dry materi-
pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should als for this test mixture shall be 200 g of high-alkali cement, a
comply with Specification C618, Specification C989 or Speci- mass of slag having an absolute volume of 200 g of portland
fication C1240. cement(200×densityofslag/3.15)and900gofglassmadein
accordance with 7.1.
5. Apparatus
7.4 A smaller quantity of the pozzolan or slag and a
5.1 The apparatus shall be as described in Test Method proportionately large quantity of cement may be used if there
C227.
is evidence that it is unusually effective in reducing expansion
due to the alkali-silica reaction and that the use of a smaller
6. Materials
quantity is likely to produce a large reduction of expansion of
3
the test mixture as compared to that of the control mixtur
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C441–05 Designation:C441/C441M–11
Standard Test Method for
Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in
Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the
1
Alkali-Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C441/C441M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive expansion
caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the expansion
developed in mortar bars by a combination of portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive aggregates (borosilicate
glass), during storage under prescribed conditions of test.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thistestmethodmaybeusedasapreliminaryorscreeningtesttoevaluatetherelativeeffectivenessofanumberofdifferent
materials being considered for use to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive expansion
due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be used on the job.
4.3 This test method does not assess the suitability of pozzolans or slag for use in concrete.These materials should comply with
Specification C618, Specification C989 or Specification C1240.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus shall be as described in Test Method C227.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on
Chemical Reactions.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C441–02a. DOI: 10.1520/C0441-05.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C441/C441M–05. DOI:
10.1520/C0441_C0441M–11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C441/C441M–11
6. Materials
3
6.1 Borosilicate Glass — Borosilicate glass granules graded according to Table 1 or crushed Pyrex Glass No. 7740 cullet or
solidglassrodcrushedandgradedaccordingtoTable1.Aftertheglassculletorrodhasbeencrushedandseparatedintothevarious
sieve sizes, wash with a water spray over the sieve to remove adhering dust and fine particles from the aggregate. Dry the portions
retainedonthevarioussievesand,unlessusedimmediately,storeeachsuchportionindividuallyinacleancontainerprovidedwith
a tight-fitting cover.
6.2 Hi
...
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