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ASTM D1575-90(2008)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver

Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing due to its poor between-laboratory precision. In some cases the purchaser and the seller may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. In such a case, if there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller should be determined with each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being tested.
A knowledge of the average length and length distribution of fibers is important to fiber processors. This method is useful for inplant control testing and for research purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the average fiber length and length distribution of wool in nonparallel assemblies, such as scoured wool, and in card sliver.
1.2 This test method is applicable to many fibers other than wool if in the form of a nonparallel assembly or in a card sliver.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to unscoured wool or to wool top.
1.4 This test method specifically requires length in inches and mass in metric units, and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The information in parentheses is for information only.
Note 1—The determination of staple length of grease wool is covered in Method D 1234, Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool, and the average length of fibers in wool top is covered in Test Method D 519.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2008
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.13 - Wool and Felt
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1575-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5103-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Manufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4845-10(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4120-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Cohesion in Roving, Sliver, and Top in Dynamic Tests
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008

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ASTM D1575-90(2008) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card SliverASTM D1575-90(2008) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver
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ASTM D1575-90(2008) - Standard Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1575 − 90 (Reapproved 2008)
StandardTest Method for
Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 carded wool, n—scoured wool which has been pro-
cessed through a carding machine.
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the average
3.1.2 scoured wool, n—wool from which the bulk of impu-
fiber length and length distribution of wool in nonparallel
rities has been removed by an aqueous or solvent washing
assemblies, such as scoured wool, and in card sliver.
process.
1.2 This test method is applicable to many fibers other than
3.1.3 wool, n—the fibrous covering of the sheep, Ovis
woolifintheformofanonparallelassemblyorinacardsliver.
species.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to unscoured wool or
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
to wool top.
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.4 This test method specifically requires length in inches
and mass in metric units, and is not contrary to ASTM policy.
4. Summary of Test Method
The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The sample or test specimen is prepared for measure-
standard. The information in parentheses is for information
ment by hand carding when necessary, manipulated on a comb
only.
sorter, and separated into definite length increments. The
NOTE 1—The determination of staple length of grease wool is covered
weight of the fibers in each length increment is obtained, and
in Method D1234, Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool,
from these data estimates of the weight-biased average fiber
and the average length of fibers in wool top is covered in Test Method
length and weight-biased length distribution are calculated.
D519.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5. Significance and Use
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
testing due to its poor between-laboratory precision. In some
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
cases the purchaser and the seller may have to test a commer-
limitations prior to use.
cial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best
available method even though the method has not been
2. Referenced Documents
recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
In such a case, if there is a disagreement arising from
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller
D1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length
when using this method for acceptance testing, the statistical
of Grease Wool
bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the
D519 Test Method for Length of Fiber in Wool Top
laboratory of the seller should be determined with each
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn
from one sample of material of the type being tested.
3. Terminology
5.2 A knowledge of the average length and length distribu-
3.1 Definitions:
tion of fibers is important to fiber processors. This method is
useful for inplant control testing and for research purposes.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
6.1 Comb Sorter, similar to that described in Section 6, of
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
Test Method D519, but provided with the modifications
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1575 – 90 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D1575-90R08.
discussed in Note 2.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Apparatus meeting these requirements is furnished by Alfred Suter Co., Prell
the ASTM website. Plaza, Orangeburg, NY 10962.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1575 − 90 (Reapproved 2008)
NOTE 2—For specimens in which the longest fibers do not exceed 6 in.
10. Procedure
(150 mm), the test can be performed on one 15-in. (380-mm) sorter. For
10.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-
specimens in which the longest fibers exceed 6 in., two sorters, 8-in.
(200-mm) or 15-in., shall be used. When two sorters are used, no
sphere for testing textiles.
alteration is required. When one 15-in. sorter is used, the sorter shall be
10.2 Prepare the comb sorter for testing by lifting and
altered. As shown in Fig. 1, an additional faller supporting rod shall be
inserted from the rear of the sorter to support faller bars 9 through 15.
securingthefallerbarsinahorizontalposition.Facetherearof
Holding brackets for supporting two retaining bars at the rear of the sorter
the sorter, for example, the 15-in. (380-mm) bar.
are required. One holding bracket, a suggested design of which is shown
inFig.2,shallbemountedoneachsideofthesorterframeoverthespaces 10.3 Place one of the specimens in the left bank of the
between faller bars 14 and 15.
combs. For scoured wool the fringe shall overhang from the
15-in. (380-mm) bar by approximately one third of its length.
6.2 Balance, having a capacity of 100 mg and a sensitivity
of 0.1 mg. Cardslivershalloverhangthe15-in.barbyapproximately6in.
(150 mm).
6.3 Hand Cards.
10.4 Using the hands, take and discard small amounts of
7. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens
fibers from the fringe until the overhang is approximately 1 in.
(25 mm) for scoured wool or 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) for card sliver.
7.1 Take, at random, samples consisting of at least 2-g
Square off the fringe with the clamp.
portions from separate locations in the lot in accordance with
the schedule in the follow
...

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5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
Note 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
Note 2: This test method can be used for other fibers that lend themselves to the same kind of preparation but the difference in density must be taken into account when calculating the tensile strength. It is not necessary to know or correct for the density of a fiber when calculating breaking tenacity.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8394-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing.  
5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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