ASTM F1743-22

Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through an existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (2 in. to 96 in. (5 cm to 244 cm) diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose by the use of a hydrostatic head or air pressure (see Fig. 1). The resin is cured by circulating hot water, by the introduction of controlled steam into the tube, or by photoinitiated reaction. When cured, the finished cured-in-place pipe will be continuous and tight fitting. This reconstruction process may be used in a variety of gravity and pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.
FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2022
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.67 - Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4814-24 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4814-23a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM C1920-23 - Standard Practice for Cleaning of Vitrified Clay Sanitary Sewer Pipelines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4814-20 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4814-19a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5813-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting Resin Sewer Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18c - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D903-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D790-17 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017

Overview

ASTM F1743-22 is the Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP). Developed by ASTM International, this practice addresses procedures for reconstructing pipelines and conduits ranging from 2 inches to 96 inches (5 cm to 244 cm) in diameter using a resin-impregnated fabric tube that is pulled into place, secondarily inflated, and cured to form a new, continuous, tight-fitting pipe within the existing conduit. This trenchless technology is designed to extend the service life of gravity and pressure pipes, such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems, with minimal surface disruption.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability

  • Covers procedures for rehabilitation of pipelines and conduits using pulled-in-place CIPP methods.
  • Applies to diameters from 2 in. to 96 in.
  • Suitable for gravity and pressure applications-including sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and industrial process pipes.

• Installation Process

  • Involves pulling a resin-impregnated flexible fabric tube into the pipe.
  • Uses hydrostatic head or air pressure for inflating the tube via a calibration hose.
  • Multiple curing methods: heated water, steam, or photoinitiated reaction.

• Material Requirements

  • Specifies the use of compatible resins (such as isophthalic polyester, vinyl ester, or epoxy resins) and fabric tubes.
  • Requires minimum strength and chemical resistance properties for long-term performance.
  • Calibration hoses may be removable or permanent, depending on design.

• Quality Control and Inspection

  • Recommends pre- and post-installation inspection using CCTV or direct access.
  • Includes testing for physical properties (flexural, tensile strength) and chemical resistance.
  • Addresses acceptance criteria for wall thickness, structural integrity, leakage, and delamination.

• Safety and Environmental Considerations

  • Adherence to relevant safety and environmental regulations is required.
  • Users must assess and mitigate hazards such as toxic vapors, confined space risks, and others specific to installation environments.

Applications

The ASTM F1743-22 standard offers practical solutions for pipeline rehabilitation where open-trench replacement is disruptive or impractical. Key application areas include:

• Municipal and Industrial Rehabilitation
  • Restores aging or damaged infrastructure, such as wastewater and stormwater conduits, without extensive excavation.
• Process and Utility Piping
  • Extends service life of pipes carrying industrial fluids or utilities, maintaining system integrity and reliability.
• Electrical and Ventilation Conduits
  • Provides structural renewal for critical, hard-to-access conduits while minimizing downtime and surface restoration work.

By implementing this standard, asset owners achieve significant cost savings, reduce environmental impact, and minimize disruption to surrounding communities and businesses.

Related Standards

For complete and compliant pipeline rehabilitation projects, ASTM F1743-22 should be used in conjunction with other relevant standards, including:

• ASTM F1216: Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube
• ASTM D5813: Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting Resin Sewer Piping Systems
• ASTM D790: Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Plastics
• ASTM D638: Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Plastics
• ASTM D543: Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
• ASTM C1920, AWWA M28, and NASSCO Recommended Specifications

These related standards provide further details on material selection, installation methods, and performance testing, ensuring a robust, high-quality rehabilitation result using cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) technologies.

Keywords: ASTM F1743-22, pipeline rehabilitation, cured-in-place pipe, CIPP, trenchless technology, pulled-in-place installation, resin-impregnated fabric tube, pipeline inspection, sewer rehabilitation, conduit renewal, pipeline standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1743 − 22
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-
in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin
Pipe (CIPP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the recon-
C1920 Practice for Cleaning of Vitrified Clay Sanitary
struction of pipelines and conduits (2 in. to 96 in. (5 cm to 244
Sewer Pipelines
cm) diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit and
Chemical Reagents
secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
bytheuseofahydrostaticheadorairpressure(seeFig.1).The
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
resin is cured by circulating hot water, by the introduction of
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
controlled steam into the tube, or by photoinitiated reaction.
als
When cured, the finished cured-in-place pipe will be continu-
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
ous and tight fitting. This reconstruction process may be used
sive Bonds
in a variety of gravity and pressure applications such as
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical
tics
conduits, and ventilation systems.
D1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of
Textile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
mer Matrix Composite Materials
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”
and are not considered standard.
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and
Fittings
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
matter of this practice.
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Resin Sewer Piping Systems
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E797 Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultra-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
F1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Impregnated Tube
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2.2 AWWA Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
M28 Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on the ASTM website.
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F1743 – 21. DOI: Available fromAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
10.1520/F1743-22. Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1743 − 22
3.2.4 dry spot—an area of fabric of the finished CIPPwhich
is deficient or devoid of resin.
3.2.5 fabric tube—flexible needled felt, or equivalent, wo-
ven or nonwoven material(s), or both, formed into a tubular
shape which during the installation process is saturated with
resin and holds the resin in place during the installation and
curing process.
3.2.6 inversion—the process of turning the calibration hose
inside out by the use of water pressure or air pressure.
3.2.7 lift—a portion of the CIPPthat is a departure from the
existing conduit wall forming a section of reverse curvature in
the CIPP.
3.2.8 photoinitiated reaction—Thepolymerizationofaresin
system initiated by light or other electromagnetic radiation.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who
are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of
a resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through an
existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion
of a calibration hose. Modifications may be required for
specific job conditions.
5. Recommended Materials and Manufacture
5.1 General—The resins, fabric tube, tube coatings, or other
materials, such as the permanent calibration hose when com-
bined as a composite structure, shall produce CIPP that meets
the requirements of this specification.
FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods
5.2 CIPP Wall Composition—The wall shall consist of a
plastic coated fabric tube filled with a thermosetting (cross-
linked) resin, and if used, a filler.
2.3 NASSCO Standard:
5.2.1 Fabric Tube—The fabric tube should consist of one or
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System
more layers of flexible needled felt, or equivalent, woven or
Rehabilitation
nonwoven material(s), or both, capable of carrying resin,
withstanding installation pressures, and curing temperatures.
3. Terminology
The material(s) of construction should be able to stretch to fit
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminol-
irregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. Longitudinal and
ogy F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
circumferential joints between multiple layers of fabric should
D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
be staggered so as not to overlap. The outside layer of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fabric tube should have an impermeable flexible coating(s)
3.2.1 calibration hose—an impermeable bladder which is
whose function is to contain the resin during and after fabric
inverted within the resin-impregnated fabric tube by hydro-
tube impregnation. The outer coating(s) must facilitate moni-
static head or air pressure and may optionally be removed or
toring of resin saturation of the material(s) of construction of
remain in place as a permanent part of the installed cured-in-
the fabric tube. The fabric tube should be fabricated to a size
place pipe as described in 5.2.2.
that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumference
and the length of the original conduit. Allowance should be
3.2.2 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)—a hollow cylinder con-
made for circumferential and longitudinal stretching of the
sisting of a fabric tube with cured (cross-linked) thermosetting
fabric tube during installation. As required, the fabric tube
resin. Interior or exterior plastic coatings, or both, may be
should meet minimum tensile strength requirements in the
included.The CIPPis formed within an existing pipe and takes
longitudinal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All
the shape of and fits tightly to the pipe.
the material(s) of construction for the fabric tube should be
3.2.3 delamination—separation of layers of the CIPP.
compatible with the resin system used.
5.2.2 Calibration Hose:
5.2.2.1 Removable Calibration Hose—The removable cali-
Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies,
bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic, or
NASSCO 11521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J Owings Mills, MD 21117, http://
www.nassco.org. impermeable plastic coating(s) on flexible woven or nonwoven
F1743 − 22
material(s), or both, that do not absorb resin and are capable of 6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines
being removed from the CIPP. should be performed by experienced personnel trained in
5.2.2.2 Permanent Calibration Hose—The permanent cali- locating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed-
bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic coating circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipeline
on a flexible needled felt or equivalent woven or nonwoven should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
material(s), or both, that are capable of absorbing resin and are conditions that may prevent proper installation of the impreg-
of a thickness to become fully saturated with resin. The nated tube, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or
calibration hose should be translucent to facilitate post- crushedpipe,andreductionsinthecross-sectionalareaofmore
installation inspection. The calibration hose should be fabri- than 40 %. These conditions should be noted so that they can
cated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal be corrected.
circumference and the length of the resin saturated fabric tube.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The original pipeline should be
Once inverted, the calibration hose becomes part of the fabric
clear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protruding
tube, and once properly cured, should bond permanently with
service connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductions
the fabric tube. The properties of the calibration hose should
in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that may hinder
meet minimum tensile strength requirements in the longitudi-
or prevent the installation of the resin-impregnated fabric tube.
nal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All the
If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by
material(s) of construction for the calibration hose should be
conventional sewer-cleaning equipment, then a point-repair
compatible with the resin system used.
excavationshouldbemadetouncoverandremoveorrepairthe
5.2.3 Resin—A chemically resistant isophthalic based
obstruction.
polyester, or vinyl ester thermoset resin and catalyst system or
6.2 Resin Impregnation—The fabric tube should be totally
an epoxy resin and hardener that is compatible with the
impregnated with resin (wet-out) and run through a set of
installation process should be used.The resin should be able to
rollers separated by a space, calibrated under controlled con-
cure in the presence of water and the initiation temperature for
ditions to ensure proper distribution of resin. The volume of
cure should be less than 180 °F (82.2 °C). The cured resin/
resin used should be sufficient to fully saturate all the voids of
fabric tube system, with or without the calibration hose, shall
the fabric tube material, as well as all resin-absorbing material
be expected to have as a minimum the initial structural
of the calibration hose at nominal thickness and diameter. The
properties given in Table 1. These physical properties should
volume should be adjusted by adding 3 % to 15 % excess resin
be determined in accordance with Section 8. The cured
to allow for the change in resin volume due to polymerization,
resin/fabric tube system, with or without the calibration hose,
the change in resin volume due to thermal expansion or
should meet the minimum chemical resistance requirements as
contraction, and resin migration through the perforations of the
specified in 7.2.
fabric tube and out onto the host pipe.
6. Installation Recommendations
6.3 Bypassing—If bypassing of the flow is required around
the sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the bypass
6.1 Cleaning and Pre-Inspection :
should be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of the
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, and
pipetobereconstructedandpumpingtheflowtoadownstream
performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of
point or adjacent system.The pump and bypass lines should be
theatmospheretodeterminethepresenceoftoxicorflammable
of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Services
vapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordance
within this reach will be temporarily out of service.
with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—All internal debris shall be 6.3.1 Public advisory services shall notify all parties whose
removedfromtheoriginalpipeline.Non-pressuregravitypipes service laterals will be out of commission and advise against
water usage until the main line is back in service.
shall be cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-
velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment in
6.4 Installation Methods:
accordance with manufacturers guidelines, Practice C1920, for
6.4.1 Perforation of Resin-Impregnated Tube—Priortopull-
VCP pipe or NASSCO Recommended Specifications for
ing the resin-impregnated fabric tube in place, the outer
Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation, as applicable. Pres-
impermeable plastic coating may optionally be perforated.
sure pipelines should be cleaned with cable attached devices or
When the resin-impregnated fabric tube is perforated, this
fluid propelled devices in accordance with AWWA M28.
shouldallowresintobeforcedthroughtheperforationsandout
againsttheexistingconduitbytheforceofthehydrostatichead
A or air pressure against the inner wall of the calibration hose.
TABLE 1 CIPP Initial Structural Properties
The perforation should be done after fabric tube impregnation
Minimum Value
Property Test Method
with a perforating roller device at the point of manufacture or
psi (MPa)
at the jobsite. Perforations should be made on both sides of the
Flexural strength D790 4500 (31)
Flexural modulus D790 250 000 (1724) lay-flat fabric tube covering the full circumference with a
Tensile strength D638 3000 (21)
spacing no less than 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) apart. Perforating slits
(for pressure pipes only)
should be a minimum of 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) long.
A
The values in Table 1 are for field inspection. The purchaser should consult the
6.4.2 Pulling Resin-Impregnated Tube into Position—The
manufacturer for the long-term structural properties.
wet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place using a power
F1743 − 22
winch. The saturated fabric tube should be pulled through an pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. Care should
existing manhole or other approved access to fully extend to be taken during the inversion so as not to overstress the woven
the next designated manhole or termination point. Care should andnonwovenmaterials.Takesuitableprecautionstoeliminate
be exercised not to damage the tube as a result of friction hazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction when
pressurized air is being used.
during pull-in, especially where curvilinear alignments, multi-
linear alignments, multiple offsets, protruding services, and
6.5 Lubricant During Installation —The use of a lubricant
other friction-producing host pipe conditions are present. Once
during installation is recommended to reduce friction during
the fabric tube is in place, it should be attached to a vertical
inversion. This lubricant should be poured into the fluid in the
standpipe so that the calibration hose can invert into the center
standpipeinordertocoatthecalibrationhoseduringinversion.
of the resin-impregnated fabric tube. The vertical standpipe
When air is used to invert the calibration hose, the lubricant
should be of sufficient height of water head to hold the fabric
shouldbeapplieddirectlytothecalibrationhose.Thelubricant
tube tight to the existing pipe wall, producing dimples at side
used should be a nontoxic, oil-based product that has no
connections. A device such as a dynamometer or load cell
detrimental effects on the tube or boiler and pump system, and
shouldbeprovidedonthewinchorcabletomonitorthepulling
will not adversely affect the fluid to be transported.
force. Measure the overall elongation of the fabric tube after
6.6 Curing:
pull-in completion. The acceptable longitudinal elongation
6.6.1 Using Circulating Heated Water—After installation is
shall not be more than 5 % of the overall length measured after
completed, suitable heat source and water recirculation equip-
the calibration hose has been installed, or exceed the recom-
ment are required to circulate heated water throughout the
mended pulling force.
section to uniformly raise the water temperature above the
6.4.3 Hydrostatic Head Calibration Hose Inversion—The
temperature required to effect a cure of the resin. The water
calibration hose should be inserted into the vertical inversion
temperature in the line during the cure period should be as
standpipe, with the impermeable plastic membrane side out.At
recommended by the resin manufacturer or seller.
the lower end of the inversion standpipe, the calibration hose
6.6.1.1 The heat source should be fitted with suitable
should be turned inside out and attached to the standpipe so
monitors to measure the temperature of the incoming and
that a leakproof seal is created. The resin-impregnated fabric
outgoing water supply. Temperature sensors should also be
tube should also be attached to the standpipe so that the
placed between the resin-impregnated tube and the host pipe
calibration hose can invert into the center of the resin-
invert at both termination points to monitor the temperatures
impregnated tube. The inversion head should be adjusted to be
during cure.
of sufficient height of water head to cause the calibration hose
6.6.1.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-up
to invert from the initial point of inversion to the point of
and is completed when exposed portions of the CIPPappear to
termination and hold the resin-impregnated fabric tube tight to
be hard and sound and the remote temperature sensor indicates
the pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. Care
thatthetemperatureisofamagnitudetorealizeanexothermor
should be taken during the inversion so as not to overstress the
cure in the resin. After initial cure is reached, the temperature
felt fiber. At the request of the purchaser, the fabric tube
shouldberaisedtothepost-curetemperatureandheldtherefor
manufacturer should provide information on the maximum
a period recommended by the resin manufacturer or seller.
allowable axial and longitudinal tensile stress for the fabric
During post-cure, the recirculation of the water and cycling of
tube.
the boiler to maintain the temperature continues. The curing of
6.4.3.1 An alternative method of installation is top inver-
the CIPP must take into account the existing pipe material, the
sion. In this case, the calibration hose and resin-impregnated
resin system, and ground conditions (temperature, moisture
fabrictubeareattachedtoatopring.Inthiscase,thetubeitself
level, and thermal conductivity of soil).
forms the standpipe for generation of the hydrostatic head.
6.6.2 Using Steam—After installation is completed, suitable
Other methods of installation are also available and should be
steam-generating equipment is required to distribute steam
submitted for acceptance by the purchaser.
throughout the pipe. The equipment should be capable of
6.4.4 Using Air Pressure—The resin-impregnated fabric delivering steam throughout the section to uniformly raise the
temperature within the pipe above the temperature required to
tube should be perforated as described in 6.4.1. Once
perforated, the wet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place effect a cure of the resin.The temperature in the line during the
cure period should be as recommended by the resin manufac-
usingapowerwinchasdescribedin6.4.2.Thecalibrationhose
should be inserted through the guide chute or tube of the turer or seller.
6.6.2.1 The steam-generating equipment should be fitted
pressure containment device in which the calibration hose has
been loaded, with the impermeable plastic membrane side out. with a suitable monitor to measure the temperature of the
outgoing steam. Temperature sensors should also be placed
At the end of the guide chute, the calibration hose should be
turned inside out and attached so that a leakproof seal is between the resin-impregnated tube and the host pipe invert at
both termination points to monitor the temperatures during
created. The resin-impregnated tube should also be attached to
the guide chute so that the calibration hose can invert into the cure.
centeroftheresin-impregnatedtube.Theinversionairpressur
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1743 − 21 F1743 − 22
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-
in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin
Pipe (CIPP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (2 in. to 96 in. (5 cm to 244 cm)
diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit and secondarily
inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose by the use of a hydrostatic head or air pressure (see Fig. 1). The resin is cured
by circulating hot water, by the introduction of controlled steam into the tube, or by photoinitiated reaction. When cured, the
finished cured-in-place pipe will be continuous and tight fitting. This reconstruction process may be used in a variety of gravity
and pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1920 Practice for Cleaning of Vitrified Clay Sanitary Sewer Pipelines
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless Plastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021Nov. 15, 2022. Published January 2022December 2022. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20172021
as F1743 – 17.F1743 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/F1743-21.10.1520/F1743-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1743 − 22
FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods
D1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of Textile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting Resin Sewer Piping Systems
E797 Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube
2.2 AWWA Standard:
M28 Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains
2.3 NASSCO Standard:
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 calibration hose—an impermeable bladder which is inverted within the resin-impregnated fabric tube by hydrostatic head
or air pressure and may optionally be removed or remain in place as a permanent part of the installed cured-in-place pipe as
described in 5.2.2.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, NASSCO 11521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J Owings Mills, MD 21117, http://www.nassco.org.
F1743 − 22
3.2.2 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)—a hollow cylinder consisting of a fabric tube with cured (cross-linked) thermosetting resin.
Interior or exterior plastic coatings, or both, may be included. The CIPP is formed within an existing pipe and takes the shape of
and fits tightly to the pipe.
3.2.3 delamination—separation of layers of the CIPP.
3.2.4 dry spot—an area of fabric of the finished CIPP which is deficient or devoid of resin.
3.2.5 fabric tube—flexible needled felt, or equivalent, woven or nonwoven material(s), or both, formed into a tubular shape which
during the installation process is saturated with resin and holds the resin in place during the installation and curing process.
3.2.6 inversion—the process of turning the calibration hose inside out by the use of water pressure or air pressure.
3.2.7 lift—a portion of the CIPP that is a departure from the existing conduit wall forming a section of reverse curvature in the
CIPP.
3.2.8 photoinitiated reaction—The polymerization of a resin system initiated by light or other electromagnetic radiation.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved
in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through an existing conduit and
secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
5. Recommended Materials and Manufacture
5.1 General—The resins, fabric tube, tube coatings, or other materials, such as the permanent calibration hose when combined as
a composite structure, shall produce CIPP that meets the requirements of this specification.
5.2 CIPP Wall Composition—The wall shall consist of a plastic coated fabric tube filled with a thermosetting (cross-linked) resin,
and if used, a filler.
5.2.1 Fabric Tube—The fabric tube should consist of one or more layers of flexible needled felt, or equivalent, woven or
nonwoven material(s), or both, capable of carrying resin, withstanding installation pressures, and curing temperatures. The
material(s) of construction should be able to stretch to fit irregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. Longitudinal and
circumferential joints between multiple layers of fabric should be staggered so as not to overlap. The outside layer of the fabric
tube should have an impermeable flexible coating(s) whose function is to contain the resin during and after fabric tube
impregnation. The outer coating(s) must facilitate monitoring of resin saturation of the material(s) of construction of the fabric
tube. The fabric tube should be fabricated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumference and the length
of the original conduit. Allowance should be made for circumferential and longitudinal stretching of the fabric tube during
installation. As required, the fabric tube should meet minimum tensile strength requirements in the longitudinal and transverse
directions as specified in 7.1. All the material(s) of construction for the fabric tube should be compatible with the resin system used.
5.2.2 Calibration Hose:
5.2.2.1 Removable Calibration Hose—The removable calibration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic, or impermeable
plastic coating(s) on flexible woven or nonwoven material(s), or both, that do not absorb resin and are capable of being removed
from the CIPP.
5.2.2.2 Permanent Calibration Hose—The permanent calibration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic coating on a
flexible needled felt or equivalent woven or nonwoven material(s), or both, that are capable of absorbing resin and are of a
thickness to become fully saturated with resin. The calibration hose should be translucent to facilitate post-installation inspection.
The calibration hose should be fabricated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumference and the length
of the resin saturated fabric tube. Once inverted, the calibration hose becomes part of the fabric tube, and once properly cured,
should bond permanently with the fabric tube. The properties of the calibration hose should meet minimum tensile strength
F1743 − 22
requirements in the longitudinal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All the material(s) of construction for the calibration
hose should be compatible with the resin system used.
5.2.3 Resin—A chemically resistant isophthalic based polyester, or vinyl ester thermoset resin and catalyst system or an epoxy
resin and hardener that is compatible with the installation process should be used. The resin should be able to cure in the presence
of water and the initiation temperature for cure should be less than 180 °F (82.2 °C). The cured resin/fabric tube system, with or
without the calibration hose, shall be expected to have as a minimum the initial structural properties given in Table 1. These
physical properties should be determined in accordance with Section 8. The cured resin/fabric tube system, with or without the
calibration hose, should meet the minimum chemical resistance requirements as specified in 7.2.
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Pre-Inspection :
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of the
atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordance with local,
state, or federal safety regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—All internal debris shouldshall be removed from the original pipeline. Gravity Non-pressure gravity
pipes shouldshall be cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically powered
equipment in accordance with manufacturers guidelines, Practice C1920, for VCP pipe or NASSCO Recommended Specifications
for Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation, as applicable. Pressure pipelines should be cleaned with cable attached
devices or fluid propelled devices in accordance with AWWA M28.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating breaks,
obstacles, and service connections by closed-circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipeline should be carefully
inspected to determine the location of any conditions that may prevent proper installation of the impregnated tube, such as
protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 %. These conditions
should be noted so that they can be corrected.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The original pipeline should be clear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protruding service
connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that may hinder or prevent
the installation of the resin-impregnated fabric tube. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventional
sewer-cleaning equipment, then a point-repair excavation should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruction.
6.2 Resin Impregnation—The fabric tube should be totally impregnated with resin (wet-out) and run through a set of rollers
separated by a space, calibrated under controlled conditions to ensure proper distribution of resin. The volume of resin used should
be sufficient to fully saturate all the voids of the fabric tube material, as well as all resin-absorbing material of the calibration hose
at nominal thickness and diameter. The volume should be adjusted by adding 3 % to 15 % excess resin to allow for the change
in resin volume due to polymerization, the change in resin volume due to thermal expansion or contraction, and resin migration
through the perforations of the fabric tube and out onto the host pipe.
6.3 Bypassing—If bypassing of the flow is required around the sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the bypass should
be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow to a downstream point or
adjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Services within this reach
will be temporarily out of service.
A
TABLE 1 CIPP Initial Structural Properties
Minimum Value
Property Test Method
psi (MPa)
Flexural strength D790 4500 (31)
Flexural modulus D790 250 000 (1724)
Tensile strength D638 3000 (21)
(for pressure pipes only)
A
The values in Table 1 are for field inspection. The purchaser should consult the
manufacturer for the long-term structural properties.
F1743 − 22
6.3.1 Public advisory services shall notify all parties whose service laterals will be out of commission and advise against water
usage until the main line is back in service.
6.4 Installation Methods:
6.4.1 Perforation of Resin-Impregnated Tube—Prior to pulling the resin-impregnated fabric tube in place, the outer impermeable
plastic coating may optionally be perforated. When the resin-impregnated fabric tube is perforated, this should allow resin to be
forced through the perforations and out against the existing conduit by the force of the hydrostatic head or air pressure against the
inner wall of the calibration hose. The perforation should be done after fabric tube impregnation with a perforating roller device
at the point of manufacture or at the jobsite. Perforations should be made on both sides of the lay-flat fabric tube covering the full
circumference with a spacing no less than 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) apart. Perforating slits should be a minimum of 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) long.
6.4.2 Pulling Resin-Impregnated Tube into Position—The wet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place using a power winch.
The saturated fabric tube should be pulled through an existing manhole or other approved access to fully extend to the next
designated manhole or termination point. Care should be exercised not to damage the tube as a result of friction during pull-in,
especially where curvilinear alignments, multilinear alignments, multiple offsets, protruding services, and other friction-producing
host pipe conditions are present. Once the fabric tube is in place, it should be attached to a vertical standpipe so that the calibration
hose can invert into the center of the resin-impregnated fabric tube. The vertical standpipe should be of sufficient height of water
head to hold the fabric tube tight to the existing pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. A device such as a dynamometer
or load cell should be provided on the winch or cable to monitor the pulling force. Measure the overall elongation of the fabric
tube after pull-in completion. The acceptable longitudinal elongation shall not be more than 5 % of the overall length measured
after the calibration hose has been installed, or exceed the recommended pulling force.
6.4.3 Hydrostatic Head Calibration Hose Inversion—The calibration hose should be inserted into the vertical inversion standpipe,
with the impermeable plastic membrane side out. At the lower end of the inversion standpipe, the calibration hose should be turned
inside out and attached to the standpipe so that a leakproof seal is created. The resin-impregnated fabric tube should also be
attached to the standpipe so that the calibration hose can invert into the center of the resin-impregnated tube. The inversion head
should be adjusted to be of sufficient height of water head to cause the calibration hose to invert from the initial point of inversion
to the point of termination and hold the resin-impregnated fabric tube tight to the pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections.
Care should be taken during the inversion so as not to overstress the felt fiber. At the request of the purchaser, the fabric tube
manufacturer should provide information on the maximum allowable axial and longitudinal tensile stress for the fabric tube.
6.4.3.1 An alternative method of installation is top inversion. In this case, the calibration hose and resin-impregnated fabric tube
are attached to a top ring. In this case, the tube itself forms the standpipe for generation of the hydrostatic head. Other methods
of installation are also available and should be submitted for acceptance by the purchaser.
6.4.4 Using Air Pressure—The resin-impregnated fabric tube should be perforated as described in 6.4.1. Once perforated, the
wet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place using a power winch as described in 6.4.2. The calibration hose should be inserted
through the guide chute or tube of the pressure containment device in which the calibration hose has been loaded, with the
impermeable plastic membrane side out. At the end of the guide chute, the calibration hose should be turned inside out and attached
so that a leakproof seal is created. The resin-impregnated tube should also be attached to the guide chute so that the calibration
hose can invert into the center of the resin-impregnated tube. The inversion air pressure should be adjusted to be of sufficient
pressure to cause the calibration hose to invert from point of inversion to point of termination and hold the resin saturated fabric
tube tight to the pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. Care should be taken during the inversion so as not to overstress
the woven and nonwoven materials. Take suitable precautions to eliminate hazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction
when pressurized air is being used.
6.5 Lubricant During Installation —The use of a lubricant during installation is recommended to reduce friction during inversion.
This lubricant should be poured into the fluid in the standpipe in order to coat the calibration hose during inversion. When air is
used to invert the calibration hose, the lubricant should be applied directly to the calibration hose. The lubricant used should be
a nontoxic, oil-based product that has no detrimental effects on the tube or boiler and pump system, and will not adversely affect
the fluid to be transported.
6.6 Curing:
6.6.1 Using Circulating Heated Water—After installation is completed, suitable heat source and water recirculation equipment are
F1743 − 22
required to circulate heated water throughout the section to uniformly raise the water temperature above the temperature required
to effect a cure of the resin. The water temperature in the line during the cure period should be as recommended by the resin
manufacturer or seller.
6.6.1.1 The heat source should be fitted with suitable monitors to measure the temperature of the incoming and outgoing water
supply. Temperature sensors should also be placed between the resin-impregnated tube and the host pipe invert at both termination
points to monitor the temperatures during cure.
6.6.1.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-up and is completed when exposed portions of the CIPP appear to be hard
and sound and the remote temperature sensor indicates that the temperature is of a magnitude to realize an exotherm or cure in
the resin. After initial cure is reached, the temperature should be raised to the post-cure temperature and held there for a period
recommended by the resin manufacturer or seller. During post-cure, the recirculation of the water and cycling of the boiler to
maintain the temperature continues. The curing of the CIPP must take into account the existing pipe material, the resin system,
and ground conditions (temperature, moisture level, and thermal conductivity of soil).
6.6.2 Using Steam—After installation is completed, suitable steam-generating equipment is required to distribute steam
throughout the pipe. The equipment should be capable of delivering steam throughout the section to uniformly raise the
temperature within the pipe above the temperature required to effect a cure of the resin. The temperature in the line during the cure
period should be as recommended by the resin manufacturer or seller.
6.6.2.1 The steam-generating
...