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ASTM D1316-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer

Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRI Grindometer. It evaluates the size of the largest particles in a finished dispersion but not average particle size or concentration of sizes.
1.2 This test method covers both manual and automatic drawdowns using an A1 scraper.
1.3 This test method is applicable to any dispersion that is fine enough to fall within the 0-25 m range of the specified grind gauge. With a minor variation in procedure, it is applicable to both paste (nonvolatile) and liquid (volatile) inks.
Note 1—The 0-25 m gauge specified in this test method is similar in principle to the 0-100 m Hegman gauge described in Test Method D 1210 and the various gauges described in ISO 1524:2000. Sieve analysis for concentration of particles above 45 m is covered in Test Method D 2067.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2006
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.56 - Printing Inks
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1316-93(2001) - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D1316-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer (Withdrawn 2020)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6336-11(2021) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Flushing Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade Mixer
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6846-02(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks with a Printing Gage
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2067-97(2020) - Standard Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D1210-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006

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ASTM D1316-06 - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI GrindometerASTM D1316-06 - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer
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ASTM D1316-06 - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1316 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI
1
Grindometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1316; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ing the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRI
ISO 1524:2000 Paints, varnishes and printing inks — De-
Grindometer. It evaluates the size of the largest particles in a
termination of fineness of grind
finished dispersion but not average particle size or concentra-
tion of sizes.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method covers both manual and automatic
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
drawdowns using an A1 scraper.
3.1.1 fineness of grind, n—a measure of the size and
1.3 This test method is applicable to any dispersion that is
prevalence of oversize particles in a printing ink dispersion.
fine enough to fall within the 0–25 µm range of the specified
3.1.2 NPIRI grind unit (gu), n—thedistanceequalto2.5µm
grind gauge. With a minor variation in procedure, it is
or 0.1 mils on a grind gauge.
applicable to both paste (nonvolatile) and liquid (volatile) inks.
3.1.3 scratch, n—a depression at least 10 mm in length in
NOTE 1—The 0–25 µm gauge specified in this test method is similar in
the surface of a grind gauge drawdown.
principletothe0–100µmHegmangaugedescribedinTestMethodD1210
3.1.3.1 Discussion—A scratch develops when a particle (or
and the various gauges described in ISO 1524:2000. Sieve analysis for
agglomerate) is trapped between the blade and the bottom of
concentration of particles above 45 µm is covered in Test Method D2067.
the path and is drawn along by the blade.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 speckle, n—protuberance of particles above the sur-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
face of a grind gauge drawdown.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Speckles occur at gauge depths greater
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
than those at which scratches occur and are caused by oversize
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
particles that are not hard enough or of the proper size to
produce scratches.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
4.1 This test method utilizes a NPIRI Grindometer having
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
twoprecisionmachinedgrooveseach25.4mm(1in.)wideand
D2067 Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing Ink
with a 0–25 µm (0–1 mil) taper. The test specimen is drawn
Dispersions
down the paths slowly if a nonvolatile (paste) ink, briskly if a
D6846 Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks
volatile(liquid)ink.Thedrawdownsareexaminedforthescale
with a Printing Gage
readings at which four and ten scratches appear and at which a
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
preponderance of speckles disappear.Asingle determination of
ASTM Test Methods
fineness of grind requires readings from four paths and the
computation of an arithmetical mean.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
5. Significance and Use
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
printingplate,plugacell,cloganozzleandadverselyaffectthe
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1316 – 93 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D1316-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
the ASTM website. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1316 – 06
6. Apparatus
4
6.1 NPIRI Grindometer, consisting of a block of hardened
5
steel 25.4 mm in thickness, 89 mm in width and 240 mm in
length: see Fig.
...

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Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer

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5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
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ASTM D6488-08(2020)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Print Problems

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3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improve communication and avoid misunderstanding among ink makers, substrate makers, and printers.  
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Standard Practice for Relative Resistance of Printed Matter to Liquid Chemicals by a Sandwich Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many types of printed matter, notably container labels, packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must be resistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertently or inadvertently. This practice permits an assessment of resistance of printed matter to several types of liquids.  
4.2 The requirement that a reference print be run at the same time as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric conditions (humidity and temperature) and other variations which may develop.  
4.3 This practice can be used to determine whether new formulations are suitable for the end-use purpose and for specification acceptance between producer and user.
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1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the relative resistance of printed matter to liquid chemicals, as evidenced by lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.  
1.2 This practice utilizes a sandwich procedure similar in principle to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersion procedures are covered in Test Methods D1308, D1647, and D2248.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
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