ASTM F2304-03

Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints is a practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewer performance. It is important to identify methods that use the most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected should utilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruption of traffic.
This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal sewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemical grouts, using the packer method. Television inspection and joint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defective joints, and document the repairs undertaken. Instruction on joint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed, using pressure injection into the soils encompassing the pipe joint with a chemical grout (chemical sealing material).
This practice should not be used for longitudinally cracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsound pipe, flattened, or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high groundwater pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point, consult equipment manufacturers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing and sealing individual sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemical grouts using the packer method. Sewer systems shall include sanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemical grouting is a soil sealing process, which seals the voids within the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the point of leakage. Chemical grouting is not considered a structural repair.
1.2 This practice applies to sewers 6 to 42 in. (18 to 107 cm) in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with specialized packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interior surfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for the packer elements.
1.3 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing the hazards associated with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers, compressors, bottles, motors, and all other related application apparatus. Additional safety considerations including safely handling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier or both. Their safe operating practices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations covered should include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associated containers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2003
• ICS: 93.030 - External sewage systems
• Technical Committee: F36 - Technology and Underground Utilities
• Drafting Committee: F36.20 - Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2304-10 - Standard Practice for Sealing of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2454-05(2022) - Standard Practice for Sealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainline Sewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, Using Chemical Grouting
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8109-17 - Standard Guide for Waterproofing Repair of Concrete by Chemical Grout Crack Injection
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F3092-14(2019) - Standard Terminology Relating to Optical Fiber Sensing Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2304–03
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing and 2.1 NASSCO Standards:
sealing individual sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemical NASSCO Specifications Guidelines, Wastewater Collec-
grouts using the packer method. Sewer systems shall include tionsSystemsMaintenanceandRehab,SewerLineClean-
sanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemi- ing
cal grouting is a soil sealing process, which seals the voids NASSCO Specifications Guidelines, Wastewater Collec-
within the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the point tions Systems Maintenance and Rehab, Television Inspec-
of leakage. Chemical grouting is not considered a structural tion, Main Sewers
repair.
3. Summary of Practice
1.2 Thispracticeappliestosewers6to42in.(18to107cm)
3.1 The work required by this practice shall consist of
in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with spe-
cialized packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interior furnishing all labor, materials, equipment and supervising and
performing all work necessary to rehabilitate the designated
surfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for the
packer elements. sanitary or storm sewer lines or both, all in accordance with the
procedures. The work shall consist of, but not necessarily be
1.3 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information limited to, performing the following tasks where specified:
3.1.1 Sewer Line Cleaning, shall be performed with hydrau-
only.
1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing the lically propelled high-velocity jet or mechanically powered
equipment. Selection of equipment shall be based on field
hazards associated with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers, com-
pressors, bottles, motors, and all other related application conditions such as access to manholes, quantity of debris, size
of sewer, depth of flow, and so forth. NASSCO Specifications
apparatus. Additional safety considerations including safely
Guidelines, Wastewater Collection Systems Maintenance and
handling, mixing, and transporting of chemical grouts should
be provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier or Rehabilitation, Sewer Line Cleaning section adequately ad-
dresses the sewer line cleaning process in the current edition.
both. Their safe operating practices and procedures should
describe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment 3.1.2 Sewer Flow Control, shall be performed as required to
comply with this practice.
(PPE) for the various grouting operations. Operations covered
should include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, and 3.1.3 Television Inspection, shall be required to reveal and
document sewer line conditions and be performed in advance
disposal of chemical grouts, additives, and their associated
containers. of or in conjunction with pipe joint testing and sealing sewer
pipe joints. NASSCO Specifications Guidelines, Wastewater
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Collection Systems Maintenance and Rehabilitation, Televi-
sion Inspection, Main Sewers section adequately addresses
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- sewer line television inspection processes in the current edi-
tion.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 Sewer Pipe Joint Testing, shall be performed to
identify defective (infiltrating/exfiltrating) pipe joints and shall
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F36 on Technology
be accomplished by applying a positive test pressure to each
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003. DOI: 10.1520/
F2304-03. NASSCO, 1108 Sheller Ave., Suite 5, Chambersburg, PA 17201.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2304–03
individual sewer pipe joint, monitoring the test pressure and 5.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-
any test pressure decay, or through visual observation of the wise provided for in the contract.
leaking joint.
5.1.6 Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of the
3.1.5 Sewer Pipe Joint Sealing, shall be accomplished by
project and accurate manhole invert elevations when required
the pressure injection of chemical grout (chemical sealing
for performance of the work.
material) into the soils encompassing the pipe joint. Chemical
5.1.7 Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain Pump
grouts are designed to be injected into the soil surrounding the
Stations, if such becomes necessary for performance of the
pipe, which stabilizes the soil and forms a permanent imper-
work.
meable seal called a soil ring. Because the chemical grout is
5.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under the
placed outside the pipe, adequate volumes must be injected to
contract, from fire hydrants or other sources must be obtained
form an effective seal. This application will be through
in accordance with local ordinances.
structurally sound joints from within the pipe (packer method)
5.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from the
in tandem with a closed circuit television inspection system.
sewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-
bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiously
4. Significance and Use
disposeofsuchmaterialsatalocationdesignatedbytheowner.
4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints is
5.1.10 Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-
a practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewer
modate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for the
performance. It is important to identify methods that use the
period of the contract.
most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduc-
5.1.11 Notice To Third Parties,(suchasutilitiesandaffected
tion of infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected should
residents ) of the contractor’s intent to perform work in an area
utilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruption
where such parties may have rights to underground property or
of traffic.
facilities. Request for maps or other descriptive information as
4.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal
to the nature and location of such underground facilities or
sewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemical
property and assurance of the contractor’s ability to enter upon
grouts, using the packer method. Television inspection and
any public or private lands to which access is required for
joint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defec-
performance of the work under the contract.
tive joints, and document the repairs undertaken. Instruction on
5.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site of the project
joint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed, using pressure
including reports prepared under previously accomplished
injection into the soils encompassing the pipe joint with a
studies or surveys and other data relative to the project,
chemical grout (chemical sealing material).
including maps, drawings, construction specifications sewer
4.3 This practice should not be used for longitudinally
system records, and so forth.
cracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsound
5.1.13 Authorization to perform work that must be per-
pipe, flattened, or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high ground-
formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.
water pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point,
consult equipment manufacturers.
5.1.14 Traffıc Control, as specified by the agency with
jurisdiction over the roadway or by uniformed officers when
5. Contract Responsibilities the safety of workers or the public requires such protection.
5.1 Sewer system rehabilitation contracts should define or 5.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment is
available and can be delivered to the site within 48 h.
affix responsibility or make provisions for the following items:
5.1.1 Notice Of Client/Owner Requirements, which are
5.1.16 Submit work schedule to the owner’s representative
relevant to and within the scope of work to be performed under
for review and approval before commencement of the project.
the contract.
5.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systems
5.1.2 Municipal And Other Licenses And Permits, and
to the owner’s representative for review and approval before
assistance in obtaining approvals or consent from utilities or
commencement of the project.
carriers or other persons or organizations upon whose property
or authority performance of work under the contract might
6. Chemical Grout (Chemical Sealing Materials)
impinge; or a written release from responsibility for the
6.1 The intent of this section is to define the properties that
performance of work under the contract if and to the extent
a chemical sealing material must have to perform effectively in
such work is precluded by the inability to obtain approvals or
the intended application and under expected field conditions.
consent.
The intended application is remotely sealing sewer pipe joints
5.1.3 Access To Site Of Work, to be provided to the extent
with a sealing packer as specified in Section 12.
that the owner is legally able to so provide or, if not so able, a
6.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in use
written release from responsibility for the performance of work
along with the basic properties, performance standards, and
at sites where access cannot be made available.
mix ratios, which are known to give acceptable performance,
5.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewer
are listed in 6.2.
system, if any, if such clearance is required for performance of
work under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwise 6.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemical
provided for within the contract. sealing materials will become available from time to time.
F2304–03
Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal- 6.3.2.1 Aminimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weight
ing materials will thus change from time to time and therefore in the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic base
specific sources, manufacturers, and product names are not material may be used to increase strength or offset dilution
given. during injection.
6.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react in
6.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemical
moving water during injection.
sealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufactur-
6.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, which
er’s or suppliers recommendations or both.
can be increased with additives.
6.2 General—All chemical-sealing materials used in the
6.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.
performance of the work specified must have the following
6.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.
characteristics:
6.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous,
6.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must be
chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, flexible gel.
able to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).
6.3.2.7 Theabilitytoincreasemixviscosity,density,andgel
6.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence in
strength by the use of additives.
water without degradation.
6.3.3 Urethane Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:
6.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must prevent
6.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixed
the passage of water (infiltration) through the soil ring and
with between five and ten parts of water weight. The recom-
sewer pipe joint.
mendedmixratioisoneparturethaneprepolymertoeightparts
6.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible as
of water (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaks
opposed to brittle.
are encountered, the ratio of water being pumped may be
6.2.5 The sealant formation must not be biodegradable.
lowered.
6.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable and
6.3.3.2 Aliquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 to
resistant to the concentrations of acids, alkalis, and organics
95 % and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.
found in normal wastewater and storm water.
6.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer having a viscosity of between
6.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-
100 and 1500 centipoise at 70°F (21.1°C) that can be pumped
ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packaging
through 500 ft (152 m) of ⁄2-in. (1.3-cm) hose with a 1000-psi
must provide for worker safety and minimize spillage during
(6895-kPa) head at a flow rate of 1 oz/s.
handling.
6.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should have
6.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixed apHof5to9.
6.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-
must be compatible with field operations.
tered.
6.2.9 Field cleanup must be done without inordinate use of
6.3.3.6 A relatively rapid viscosity increase of the
flammable or hazardous chemicals.
prepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in the
6.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removable
first minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ration at 50°F (10°C).
from the sewer to prevent reduction or blockage of the flow.
6.3.3.7 Areaction(curing)thatproducesachemicallystable
6.3 Chemical Sealing Materials—The following is a ge-
and nonbiodegradable, tough, flexible gel.
neric listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use and
6.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, gel
the basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each.
strength, and resistance to shrinkage by the use of additives.
6.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel Sealing Material:
6.3.4 Urethane Base Foam Chemical Sealing Material:
6.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material by
6.3.4.1 Approximately one part of urethane prepolymer
weight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryla-
thoroughly mixed with one part of water by weight (50 %
mide base material may be used to increase strength o
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