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ASTM E869-93(1998)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities

Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of performance characteristics of fuel ethanol manufacturing facilities.
1.2 This test method is applicable for all starch, sugar, and combination starch/sugar based fermentable feedstocks.
1.3 This test method is applicable to both batch and continuous fuel ethanol manufacturing processes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1998
ICS
71.100.20 - Gases for industrial application
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.05 - Biomass Conversion
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E869-93(2006) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities (Withdrawn 2009)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2363-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Products in the Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Industry
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998

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ASTM E869-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing FacilitiesASTM E869-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities
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ASTM E869-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 869 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Performance Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 10.231 Test for Moisture in Brewers Grains
14.062 Test for Moisture in Wheat, Rye, Oats, Corn, Buck-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of perfor-
wheat, Rice, Barley, and Soybeans and their Products
mance characteristics of fuel ethanol manufacturing facilities.
Except Cereal Adjuncts
1.2 This test method is applicable for all starch, sugar, and
14.073–14.074 Test for Starch in Cereals
combination starch/sugar based fermentable feedstocks.
31.005–31.008 Test for Moisture in Sugars
1.3 This test method is applicable to both batch and con-
31.051 Test for Glucose in Sugars and Syrups
tinuous fuel ethanol manufacturing processes.
31.056 Test for Fructose in Sugars and Syrups
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
31.060 Test for Maltose in Sugars and Syrups
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
31.062 Test for Lactose in Sugars and Syrups
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.3 Standard Methods (SM) for Analysis of Water and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Wastewater:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
206 B Test for Fats, Oils, and Grease
2. Referenced Documents 209 C Test for Total Suspended Solids
507 Test for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Five Day
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(BOD )
D1826 Test Method for Calorific Values of Gases in
Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
3. Terminology
D2382 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Hydrocar-
3.1 Definitions:
bon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (High-Precision Method)
3.1.1 cycle time—the time required by an alcohol plant to
D2458 Flow Measurement of Water
complete one cycle. The determination of the cycle time for a
D3286 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
batch process is illustrated in Fig. 1 and for a continuous
Coke by the Isothermal Bomb Calorimeter
process in Fig. 2.
D3590 Test Method for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
3.1.2 normal operating conditions—the usual range of
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
physical conditions for which a facility was designed to
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
operate.
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
3.1.3 production cycle—the series of operations required to
E870 Test Methods forAnalysis of ParticulateWood Fuels
processthroughthefacilityaquantityoffeedstockmixedwith
2.2 Association of Offıcial Analytical Chemists (AOAC)
water having a volume equal to the typical volume of the
Standards:
fermentationsystemandreturnthefacilitytotheconfiguration
at the start of the cycle. The quantity of water mixed with the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-48 on feedstock shall be as per specification for normal operation.
Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass
This volume is equal to the sum of the working volumes of all
Conversion Systems.
fermenters in a batch fermentation process. This volume is
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally
equal to the sum of the working volumes of each stage of
published as E869–82. Last previous edition E869–82(1987).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fermentation in a continuous fermentation process. The deter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mination of the production cycle for a batch process is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn.
4 5
Available from Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1111 N. 19th St., Available from American Public Health Association, 1015 15th St. N.W.,
Arlington, VA 22209. Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 869 – 93 (1998)
FIG. 1 Production Cycle and Cycle Time for Batch Process 6 Day
FIG. 2 Production Cycle and Cycle Time for Continuous Process
Production Cycle
90 h Production Cycle
illustrated in Fig. 1 and for a continuous cycle in Fig. 2. Any
4.3 Energy for Conversion—These parameters (electrical,
differencesintheconfigurationbetweenthestartandendofthe thermal,andtotalenergy)reflecttheenergyrequiredtorunthe
test shall be noted in Table 1.
facility. These shall be expressed as a ratio of the electrical,
thermal, and total energy required for production of a given
4. Summary of Test Method
volume of fuel ethanol to the volume of fuel ethanol produced
(in moisture-free fuel ethanol).
4.1 A fuel ethanol manufacturing facility’s performance
shall be characterized by four main parameters. These are (1) 4.4 Production Rate—This parameter of performance ex-
pressed the facility’s ability to convert a feedstock to fuel
conversionefficiency,(2)energyforconversion,(3)production
rate, and (4) mass balance.This test method shall establish the ethanol during a specified unit of time. Since this test method
shall apply to a large variety of facility sizes and configura-
proceduresrequiredtomeasure,interpret,andassignvaluesfor
tions, this parameter can be expressed as the total volume of
these parameters. This test method shall consider each facility
fuelethanolproduced(onamoisture-freebasis)dividedbythe
as a single “black box” and, for the purpose of these proce-
cycle time as defined in 3.1.1.
dures, a description of the black box shall be established and
4.5 Mass Balance—This performance parameter measures
recorded prior to testing. This black box may include systems
the facility’s production of fuel ethanol and other co-products.
for feedstock preparation, conversion of carbohydrates to
This shall be represented as a mass ratio of these products to
alcohol, and separation of alcohol and co-products.
the feedstock all on a moisture-free basis.
4.2 Conversion Effıciency—This parameter represents the
facility’s capability to convert a feedstock into fuel ethanol.
5. Significance and Use
This shall be expressed as the ratio of the actual fuel ethanol
yield per unit mass of dry feedstock to theoretical fuel ethanol 5.1 This test method shall yield data that will form a
yield per unit mass of dry feedstock. “performanceprofile”forafuelethanolmanufacturingfacility.
E 869 – 93 (1998)
TABLE 1 Data Collection Form for Fuel Ethanol Plant Performance Evaluation
(1) Plant cycle date and time
(Record for each cookbatch)
Start: ______________________________________________________________________________
Finish: ______________________________________________________________________________
(2) Plant conditions at test start
Cooker:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Fermenters (repeat for each unit):
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Distillation:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Co-product recovery:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
(3) Feed stock
Type:
Analysis:
Moisture, wt % ______________________________________________________________________________
Starch, wt % ______________________________________________________________________________
Glucose, wt% ______________________________________________________________________________
Fructose, wt % ______________________________________________________________________________
Maltose, wt % ______________________________________________________________________________
Lactose, wt% ______________________________________________________________________________
Density, lb/unit volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Quantity used during cycle, units ______________________________________________________________________________
(4) Water added to process
Fresh water, gal/°F ______________________________________________________________________________
Setback (recycle) water, gal/°F ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol content, proof ______________________________________________________________________________
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
Total suspended solids (TSS), mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
Fats, oils, and grease (FOG), mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof
(5) Enzymes yeast, process chemicals used—list separately
Type, quantity ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(6) Alcohol produced
Product recovered, gal ______________________________________________________________________________
Proof (adjusted to 60°F) ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature, °F ______________________________________________________________________________
Losses: ______________________________________________________________________________
Thin stillage, flow/proof ______________________________________________________________________________
Spent solids, flow ______________________________________________________________________________
Wt % alcohol ______________________________________________________________________________
(7) Distillers grains recovered
Quantity, lb ______________________________________________________________________________
Analysis: ______________________________________________________________________________
Moisture, wt % ______________________________________________________________________________
Protein, wt% ______________________________________________________________________________
Starch test, Positive/Negative ______________________________________________________________________________
(8) Energy consumed
Electrical meter reading (kWh) ______________________________________________________________________________
Start ______________________________________________________________________________
Stop ______________________________________________________________________________
Fuel (Type: ) Units ______________________________________________________________________________
Start ______________________________________________________________________________
Stop ______________________________________________________________________________
(9) Process wastewater
Discharge temperature, °F ______________________________________________________________________________
Quantity, gal ______________________________________________________________________________
BOD, mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
TSS, mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
FOG, mg/L ______________________________________________________________________________
(10) Plant conditions at test finish
Cooker:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
E 869 – 93 (1998)
TABLE 1 Continued
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Fermenters (repeat for each unit):
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Distillation:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Co-product recovery:
Volume ______________________________________________________________________________
Temperature ______________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol proof of contents ______________________________________________________________________________
Brief description of facilities included in test program
Data recorded by: ___________________________
The significance of this profile is that it can be compared starch/sugar based feedstock. The method for analysis of
directly to another facility’s performance profile and yield a moisture and starch/sugar content for starch, sugar, and com-
relative measurement and shall provide a measure of expected bination starch/sugar based feedstocks is specified in Table 3.
facility performance under field conditions. Based on the four Table 4 details the method for calculation of the theoretical
main parameters highlighted above, facilities of significantly alcohol yield for each feedstock classification. The conversion
different designs can be compared relatively. factors are the stoichiometric molecular weight equivalents for
5.2 The single black box technique applied to performance conversionofastarch/sugarintoethylalcohol.Theactua
...

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4.3 The specific test conditions are usually chosen so as to simulate, in the test laboratory, the effects of certain representative field environments or environmental severity levels on standard metallic surfaces, such as copper and silver coupons or porous gold platings (1, 2).  
4.4 Because MFG tests are simulations, both the test conditions and the degradation reactions (chemical reaction rate, composition of reaction products, etc.) may not always resemble those found in the service environment of the product being tested in the MFG test. A guide to the selection of simulation conditions suitable for a variety of environments is found in Guide B845.  
4.5 The MFG exposures are generally used in conjunction with procedures which evaluate contact or connector electrical performance such as measurement of electrical contact resistance before and after MFG exposure.  
4.6 The MFG tests are useful for connector systems whose contact surfaces are plated or clad with gold or other precious metal finishes. For such surfaces, environmentally produced failures are often due to high resistance or intermittences caused by the formation of insulating contamination in the contact region. This contamination, in the form of films and hard particles, is generally the result of pore corrosion and corrosion product migration or tarnish creepage from pores in the precious metal coating and from unplated base metal boundaries, if present.  
4.7 The MFG exposures can be used to evaluate novel electrical contact metallization for susceptibility to degradation due to environmental exposure to the test corrosive gases...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting environmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of corrosive gas mixtures.  
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Reproducibility is measured through the use of control coupons whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry, or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques. Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1747-95(2019)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Purity of Carbon Dioxide Used in Supercritical Fluid Applications

ABSTRACT
This guide defines purity standards for carbon dioxide to ensure the suitability of liquefied carbon dioxide gas for use in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) applications. This guide defines quantitation, labeling, and statistical standards for impurities in carbon dioxide that are necessary for successful SFE or SFC laboratory work, and it suggests methods of analysis for quantifying these impurities. These contaminants are those components that either cause detector signals that interfere with those of the target analytes or physically impede the SFE or SFC experiment. Also, this guide is provided for use by specialty gas suppliers who manufacture carbon dioxide specifically for SFE or SFC applications. SFE or SFC CO2 products offered with a claim of adherence to this guide will meet certain absolute purity and contaminant detectability requirements matched to the needs of current SFE or SFC techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines purity standards for carbon dioxide to ensure the suitability of liquefied carbon dioxide gas for use in SFE and SFC applications (see Guide E1449 for definitions of terms). This guide defines quantitation, labeling, and statistical standards for impurities in carbon dioxide that are necessary for successful SFE or SFC laboratory work, and it suggests methods of analysis for quantifying these impurities.  
1.2 This guide is provided for use by specialty gas suppliers who manufacture carbon dioxide specifically for SFE or SFC applications. SFE or SFC carbon dioxide (CO2) products offered with a claim of adherence to this guide will meet certain absolute purity and contaminant detectability requirements matched to the needs of current SFE or SFC techniques. The use of this guide allows different SFE or SFC CO2 product offerings to be compared on an equal purity basis.  
1.3 This guide considers contaminants to be those components that either cause detector signals that interfere with those of the target analytes or physically impede the SFE or SFC experiment.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    6 pages
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