ASTM D2561-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Crack Resistance of Blow-Molded Polyethylene Containers
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Crack Resistance of Blow-Molded Polyethylene Containers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When properly used, these procedures serve to isolate such factors as material, blow-molding conditions, post-treatment, and so forth, on the stress-crack resistance of the container.
5.2 Environmental stress cracking of blow-molded containers is governed by many factors. Since variance of any of these factors can change the environmental stress-crack resistance of the container, the test results are representative only of a given test performed under defined conditions in the laboratory. The reproducibility of results between laboratories on containers made on more than one machine from more than one mold has not been established.
5.3 Results can be used for estimating the shelf life of blow-molded containers in terms of their resistance to environmental stress cracking provided this is done against a rigorous background of practical field experience and reproducible test data.
SCOPE
1.1 Under certain conditions of stress, and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, blow-molded polyethylene containers exhibit mechanical failure by cracking at stresses appreciably below those that would cause cracking in the absence of these environments.
1.2 This test method measures the environmental stress crack resistance of containers, which is the summation of the influence of container design, resin, blow-molding conditions, post treatment, or other factors that can affect this property. Three procedures are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Stress-Crack Resistance of Containers to Commercial Liquids—This procedure is particularly useful for determining the effect of container design on stress-crack resistance or the stress-crack resistance of a proposed commercial package containing a proprietary liquid product.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The conditions of test described in this procedure are designed for testing containers made from Class 3 polyethylene Specification D4976. Therefore, this procedure is recommended for containers made from Class 3 polyethylene only. This procedure is particularly useful for determining the effect of resin on the stress-crack resistance of the container.
1.2.3 Procedure C, Controlled Elevated Pressure Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated level.Note 1—There are environmental concerns regarding the disposal of Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol (CAS 68412-54-4), for example, Igepal CO-630). Users are advised to consult their supplier or local environmental office and follow the guidelines provided for the proper disposal of this chemical.
1.3 These procedures are not designed to test the propensity for environmental stress cracking in the neck of containers, such as when the neck is subjected to a controlled strain by inserting a plug.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 2 and Note 9.
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Designation: D2561 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress-Crack Resistance of Blow-Molded
1
Polyethylene Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.3 These procedures are not designed to test the propensity
for environmental stress cracking in the neck of containers,
1.1 Undercertainconditionsofstress,andinthepresenceof
such as when the neck is subjected to a controlled strain by
environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents,
inserting a plug.
blow-molded polyethylene containers exhibit mechanical fail-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ure by cracking at stresses appreciably below those that would
standard.
cause cracking in the absence of these environments.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.2 This test method measures the environmental stress
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
crack resistance of containers, which is the summation of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
influence of container design, resin, blow-molding conditions,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
post treatment, or other factors that can affect this property.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Three procedures are provided as follows:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
1.2.1 Procedure A, Stress-Crack Resistance of Containers to
tionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 2 and Note
Commercial Liquids—This procedure is particularly useful for
9.
determining the effect of container design on stress-crack
resistance or the stress-crack resistance of a proposed commer-
2. Referenced Documents
cial package containing a proprietary liquid product.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 Procedure B, Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The conditions of test described
Extrusion Materials
in this procedure are designed for testing containers made from
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
Class 3 polyethylene Specification D4976. Therefore, this
Plastics Specimens
procedure is recommended for containers made from Class 3
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
polyethylene only. This procedure is particularly useful for
Ventilation Ovens
determining the effect of resin on the stress-crack resistance of
the container.
3. Terminology
1.2.3 Procedure C, Controlled Elevated Pressure Stress-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated
Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent— 3.2 failure—during this test method, the formation of any
The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated level. imperfection, such as a crack, which results in a loss of
pressurizing gas or stress-cracking agent.
NOTE 1—There are environmental concerns regarding the disposal of
3.2.1 Discussion—A container has failed when:
Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) etha-
It has lost pressure through any aperture other than heat
nol (CAS 68412-54-4), for example, Igepal CO-630). Users are advised to
sealareas;or,inProcedureC,whenthereisadetectableflow
consult their supplier or local environmental office and follow the
guidelines provided for the proper disposal of this chemical.
of supply air into the bottle, there is any visible crack
completely through the container wall, there is evidence of
the contained liquid on the outside of the container through
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
2
Molded Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2561 - 95 (2005). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2561-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2561 − 12 D2561 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress-Crack Resistance of Blow-Molded
1
Polyethylene Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Under certain conditions of stress, and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents,
blow-molded polyethylene containers exhibit mechanical failure by cracking at stresses appreciably below those that would cause
cracking in the absence of these environments.
1.2 This test method measures the environmental stress crack resistance of containers, which is the summation of the influence
of container design, resin, blow-molding conditions, post treatment, or other factors that can affect this property. Three procedures
are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A, Stress-Crack Resistance of Containers to Commercial Liquids—This procedure is particularly useful for
determining the effect of container design on stress-crack resistance or the stress-crack resistance of a proposed commercial
package containing a proprietary liquid product.
1.2.2 Procedure B, Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a
Stress-Cracking Agent—The conditions of test described in this procedure are designed for testing containers made from Class 3
polyethylene Specification D4976. Therefore, this procedure is recommended for containers made from Class 3 polyethylene only.
This procedure is particularly useful for determining the effect of resin on the stress-crack resistance of the container.
1.2.3 Procedure C, Controlled Elevated Pressure Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated
Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated level.
NOTE 1—There are environmental concerns regarding the disposal of Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol (CAS
68412-54-4), for example, Igepal CO-630). Users are advised to consult their supplier or local environmental office and follow the guidelines provided
for the proper disposal of this chemical.
1.3 These procedures are not designed to test the propensity for environmental stress cracking in the neck of containers, such
as when the neck is subjected to a controlled strain by inserting a plug.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 2 and Note 9.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2561 - 95 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D2561-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2561 − 12
3.2 failure—during this test method, the formation of any imperfection, such as a crack, which results in a loss of pressurizing
gas or stress-cracking agent.
3.2.1 Discussion—
A
...
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