ASTM A711-92(1996)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock
Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand castings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for forging.
1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel products, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectional dimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round, octagonal, or rectangular in section; slabs are rectangular. Although no invariable rule prevails between the terms blooms and billets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, the following size distinctions are in general use.
1.2.1 Blooms—Cross-sectional area greater than 36 in.2 (232 cm2 ).
1.2.2 Billets—Maximum cross-sectional area 36 in.2 (232 cm2).
1.2.3 Slabs—Minimum thickness, 11/2 in. (38.0 mm); width, more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectional area of not less than 16 in. 2 (103 cm2).
1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondary remelted are covered.
1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additional reduction are covered.
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S19) of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: A 711 – 92 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Steel Forging Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in July 1997.
1. Scope A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
Heavy Steel Forgings
1.1 This specification covers cast carbon and alloy steel
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
ingots and strand castings, semi-wrought ingots and strand
ments
castings and rolled or forged blooms, billets, and slabs for
E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
forging.
of Steel
1.2 Blooms, billets, and slabs are semi-finished steel prod-
E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
ucts, hot rolled or forged to approximate cross-sectional
Size
dimensions. Blooms and billets may be square, round, octago-
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
nal, or rectangular in section; slabs are rectangular. Although
Blooms, and Forgings
no invariable rule prevails between the terms blooms and
billets, and they are frequently used interchangeably, the
3. Ordering Information
following size distinctions are in general use.
2 3.1 When this specification is to be applied to an inquiry,
1.2.1 Blooms—Cross-sectional area greater than 36 in.
contract, or order, the purchaser shall furnish the following
(232 cm ).
2 information:
1.2.2 Billets—Maximum cross-sectional area 36 in. (232
3.1.1 The grade of material desired.
cm .
3.1.2 Product form restrictions (for example, ingots, strand
1.2.3 Slabs—Minimum thickness, 1 ⁄2 in. (38.0 mm); width,
castings, billets) if any, and
more than twice the thickness; and generally a cross-sectional
2 2
3.1.3 Applicable supplementary requirements.
area of not less than 16 in. (103 cm ).
1.2.4 Ingots either top or bottom poured or secondary
4. Materials and Manufacture
remelted are covered.
4.1 Steel production shall be in accordance with Specifica-
1.2.5 Strand castings with or without additional reduction
tion A 788.
are covered.
4.2 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made to secure
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S19) of an optional
freedom from piping and undue segregation.
nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified by
4.3 Reduction from Ingot—Except as otherwise agreed in
the purchaser.
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S3.2, the mate-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rial shall be made from product having at least two times the
as the standard.
cross-sectional area of the material.
2. Referenced Documents 4.4 Stability—Material shall be furnished in a condition to
withstand, for an indefinite time, exposure to all climatic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions without developing any external or internal cracks.
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
The method of cooling or of treatment before shipment shall be
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold Finished, General Require-
2 optional with the manufacturer, but he shall be responsible (in
ments for
the same manner as for defects disclosed after delivery) for
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
2 cracks that may develop before material is subjected to
nation of Steel Forgings
reheating. When specific stability treatment of material is
specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall be respon-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
sible only for carrying out those specific operations but shall
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
not be responsible for cracks that may develop before material
A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved July 15, 1992. Published September 1992. Originally
published as A 711 – 74. Last previous edition A 711 – 91.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A711
is subjected to reheating. damage to flame-cut material are employed.
7.3 Surface Conditioning—Material may be conditioned to
5. Chemical Composition
remove injurious surface defects, provided the depth of condi-
5.1 The chemical composition shall conform to the require-
tioning does not exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) for each inch of
ments specified in the purchase order or the individual product
dimension concerned, up to a maximum depth of ⁄4 in. (18.1
specification. For convenience the grades commonly specified
mm), and provided that the width of the conditioning is at least
for carbon and alloy steel, blooms, billets, or slabs are shown
four times its greatest depth; except that in the case of slabs
in Table 1 and Table 2 of the latest issue of Specification
where the width is at least twice the thickness, the depth of
A 29/A 29M. Blooms, billets, or slabs may be ordered to these
conditioning on the wide surfaces may exceed this allowance
grade designations, and when so ordered shall conform to the
by 50 %, up to a maximum depth of ⁄4 in. (19.1 mm). The
specified limits by heat analysis.
maximum depth of conditioning on two parallel sides at
5.2 Except when Supplementary Requirement S5 is in use,
opposite locations shall not exceed one and one half times the
or as required by a product specification, Table 3 or Table 4 of
maximum allowed for one side. All conditioned areas must be
Specification A 29/A 29M shall be used in determining the
flared to result in a uniform blending.
ranges and limits for compositions other than those shown in
Table 1 or Table 2 of Specification A 29/A 29M. 8. Inspection
5.3 Heat Analysis:
8.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
5.3.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made in
entry at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser
accordance with Specification A 788.
is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works
5.4 Product Analysis:
that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The
5.4.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities
accordance with Specification A 788, except that sampling
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance
shall be as required in 5.3.2. When the steel has to conform to
with this specification. All tests (except product chemical
Table 1 or Table 2 of Specification A 29/A 29M, then the
analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of manu-
product analysis limits shall be listed in Table 5 or Table 6 of
facture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall
that specification.
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
5.4.2 To indicate adequately the composition of a heat or
operation of the works.
lot, samples selected to represent the heat as fairly as possible
8.2 The purchaser may make the tests to govern the accep-
shall be taken midway between center and outside of the
tance or rejection of material in his own laboratory or else-
material from a minimum number of pieces as follows:
where. Such tests, however, shall be made at the expense of the
Lots Number of Pieces
purchaser.
15 tons (13.6 Mg) or less 4
Over 15 tons (13.6 Mg) 6
9. Rejection and Rehearing
5.4.3 If the number of pieces from cast or heat is less than
9.1 Material which does not conform to the requirements of
the number of samples specified in 5.2.2, one sample shall be
this specification shall be subject to rejection and the manu-
taken from each piece.
facturer so notified.
5.4.4 When chips are taken by drilling, the approximate
9.2 Unless otherwise specified, any rejections based on tests
diameter of the drill used shall be as follows:
made in accordance with 9.2 shall be reported to the manufac-
Area of Cross Section to Be Sampled, Approximate Drill Diameter,
turer by the purchaser.
2 2
in. (cm ) in. (mm)
16 (103) and under ⁄2 (12.7) 9.3 Samples tested in accordance with 9.2 that represent
Over 16 (103) 1 (25.4)
rejected material shall be preserved for one month from the
date the rejection is reported to the manufacturer. In case of
6. Permissible Variations
dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer
6.1 The permissible variation from the specified or theoreti-
may make claim for a rehearing within that time.
cal weight of blooms, billets, and slabs shall be 65 % for
individual pieces or for lots of less than a carload. For carload
10. Product Marking
lots the permissible variation shall be 62.5 % of the total
10.1 The cast or heat number shall be marked or stamped on
weight of the lot.
a side near the end or on the end when practicable. When the
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance material is bundled, the cast or heat number shall be marked on
a tag attached to the bundle.
7.1 The material shall be free of injurious imperfections.
7.2 Conditioning, cutting, or parting of material may be
11. Keywords
done by scarfing or flame-cutting when methods involving
preheating and temperature control necessary to avoid any 11.1 billets; blooms; slabs; steel forging stock
A711
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by the
purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be
agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
S1. Specified Process S7.2 From the drillings taken at the 80 % point, a complete
analysis may be made. The chemical compo
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.