ASTM E1338-97(2003)
(Guide)Guide for Identification of Metals and Alloys in Computerized Material Property Databases
Guide for Identification of Metals and Alloys in Computerized Material Property Databases
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the identification of metals and alloys in computerized material property databases. It establishes essential and desirable data elements that serve to uniquely identify and describe a particular metal or alloy sample as well as properties that identify a given metal or alloy in general.
1.1.1 This guide does not necessarily provide sufficient data elements to describe weld metal, metal matrix composites, or joined metals.
1.1.2 The data element identified herein are not all germane to every metal or alloy group.
1.1.3 Different sets of data elements may also be applied within a given metal or alloy group depending on conditions or applications specific to that metal or alloy group. Further, within a particular metal or alloy group, different sets of data elements may be used to identify specific material conditions.
1.1.4 Table 1 on Recommended Data Elements and on values for specific data elements appear at the end of this guide.
1.2 Some of the data elements in this guide may be useful for other purposes. However, this guide does not attempt to document the essential and desirable data element for any purpose except for the identification of metals and alloys in computerized material property databases. Other purposes, such as material production, material procurement, and material processing, each may have different material data reporting requirements distinct from those covered in this guide. A specific example is the contractually required report for a material property testing series. Such a report may not contain all the data elements considered essential for a specific computerized database; conversely, this guide may not contain all the data elements considered essential for a contracted test report.
1.3 Results from material tests conducted as part of the procurement process are often used to determine adherence to a specification. While this guide includes a number of test result data elements, such data elements are included in this guide only for the purposes of material identification.
1.4 Reporting of contracted test results, such as certification test results, shall follow the requirements described in the material specification, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
1.5 This guide contains a limited number of data elements related to material test results. These data elements are for material identification purposes and are not intended to replace the more detailed sets of data elements listed in guides such as Guide E 1313 covering data recording formats for mechanical testing of metals. For material identification purposes, the data elements in this guide include typical, nominal, or summary properties normally derived from a population of individual specimen tests. If warranted by the scope of a particular database system, the system might provide links between the material identification data elements given in this guide, and the individual specimen test results recorded in accordance with other guides corresponding to particular test methods.
1.6 Material Classes—See ANSI/AWS A9.1-92 for arc welds, Guide E 1308 for polymers, Guide E 1309 for composite material, and Guide E 1471 for fibers, fillers, and core materials. ASTM Committee E49 is developing guides for other material classes.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1338 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Identification of Metals and Alloys in Computerized Material
Property Databases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope result data elements, such data elements are included in this
guide only for the purposes of material identification.
1.1 This guide covers the identification of metals and alloys
1.4 Reporting of contracted test results, such as certification
in computerized material property databases. It establishes
test results, shall follow the requirements described in the
essential and desirable data elements that serve to uniquely
materialspecification,orasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaser
identify and describe a particular metal or alloy sample as well
and the manufacturer.
as properties that identify a given metal or alloy in general.
1.5 This guide contains a limited number of data elements
1.1.1 This guide does not necessarily provide sufficient data
related to material test results. These data elements are for
elements to describe weld metal, metal matrix composites, or
material identification purposes and are not intended to replace
joined metals.
the more detailed sets of data elements listed in guides such as
1.1.2 The data element identified herein are not all germane
Guide E 1313 covering data recording formats for mechanical
to every metal or alloy group.
testing of metals. For material identification purposes, the data
1.1.3 Different sets of data elements may also be applied
elements in this guide include typical, nominal, or summary
within a given metal or alloy group depending on conditions or
properties normally derived from a population of individual
applications specific to that metal or alloy group. Further,
specimen tests. If warranted by the scope of a particular
within a particular metal or alloy group, different sets of data
database system, the system might provide links between the
elements may be used to identify specific material conditions.
material identification data elements given in this guide, and
1.1.4 Table 1 on Recommended Data Elements and Tables
the individual specimen test results recorded in accordance
2-17 on values for specific data elements appear at the end of
with other guides corresponding to particular test methods.
this guide.
1.6 Material Classes—See ANSI/AWS A9.1-92 for arc
1.2 Some of the data elements in this guide may be useful
welds, Guide E 1308 for polymers, Guide E 1309 for compos-
for other purposes. However, this guide does not attempt to
ite material, and Guide E 1471 for fibers, fillers, and core
document the essential and desirable data element for any
materials. ASTM Committee E49 is developing guides for
purpose except for the identification of metals and alloys in
other material classes.
computerized material property databases. Other purposes,
such as material production, material procurement, and mate-
2. Referenced Documents
rial processing, each may have different material data reporting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements distinct from those covered in this guide. A
E 8 TestMethodsforTensionTestingofMetallicMaterials
specific example is the contractually required report for a
E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
material property testing series. Such a report may not contain
rials [Metric]
all the data elements considered essential for a specific
E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
computerized database; conversely, this guide may not contain
(SI) the Modernized Metric System
all the data elements considered essential for a contracted test
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
report.
E 616 Terminology Relating to Fracture Testing
1.3 Results from material tests conducted as part of the
E 1308 Guide for Identification of Polymers (Excludes
procurement process are often used to determine adherence to
Thermoset Elastomers) in Computerized Material Property
a specification. While this guide includes a number of test
Databases
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and
Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.01 on
AncillaryActivities. This guide was developed in cooperation with Committee B07
on Light Metals and Alloys. Discontinued; see 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published Sept. 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1338 – 97. Discontinued; see 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Discontinued; see 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1338 – 97 (2003)
E 1309 Guide for Identification of Composite Materials in lots it procures, or even properties of a specific piece or sample
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Databases from a lot. Consequently, some of the data elements identified
E 1313 Guide for Recommended Formats for Data Records in this guide might not be applicable in every database
Used in Computerization of Mechanical Test Data for instance.
Metals 4.5 The extent of material identification implemented in a
E 1443 Terminology Relating to Building and Accessing particular database depends on its specific purpose. A single
Material and Chemical Databases organizationmayincludesubstantialdetailinitsdatabase.Less
E 1471 Guide for the Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and detail may be included in a common database used by several
Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Data- organizations because of commercial and other considerations.
bases Since metals and alloys are diverse and the technologies are
2.2 Other Standards: always changing, recommendations should not be regarded as
ISO Standard: 3166 Codes for Representation of Names of exclusive of additional data elements for material identifica-
Countries Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical tion. The recommended data elements should be expanded if
Chemistry—IUPAC additional detailed information which serves to identify mate-
ANSI/AWS A9.1-92 Standard Guide for Describing Arc rials is to be recorded.
Welds in Computerized Material Property and Nonde- 4.6 A number of data elements are considered essential to
structive Examination Databases any database and need to exist in the database. Data elements
are considered essential if they are required for users to have
3. Terminology
sufficient information to interpret the data and be confident of
3.1 Computer-related technical terms in this guide are their ability to compare sets of data for materials from different
defined in Terminology E 1443. sources. Failure to complete an essential data element may
render the record unusable in a database or in data exchange.
4. Significance and Use
Essentialreferstothequalityorcompletenessofrecordeddata,
4.1 This guide describes the types of information that are and does not necessarily have direct meaning relative to
indispensable for uniquely identifying a metal or alloy in a
database structure. In some cases, the identified data element
computerized database. The purpose is to facilitate standard- might be accommodated within a particular database without
ized storage and retrieval of the information with a computer,
explicitly including a field just for the essential data element.
and allow meaningful comparison of data from different Additionally, a database schema may require additional data
sources.
fields to be not null to maintain data record integrity or to
4.2 Many numbering systems for metals and alloys have implement a mandatory data relationship. These additional
been developed which are based on their chemical composi-
fields are beyond the scope of this guide. Finally, it is also
tions. Separate systems have also evolved to describe the
noted that a data element identified as essential in this guide
thermomechanical condition of metals and alloys in order to
might not be relevant for a database created for a specific
narrow their description. It is the separation into logical data
application of limited scope.
elements from these complex, historically significant, and 4.7 This guide presents a listing of the data elements and
overlapping systems of identification that is the challenge in
does not intend to define any single organization of the data
the identification of metals and alloys within computerized elementstobeusedineitheralogicalorphysicalmodelforthe
databases.
database. The data element lists are divided by group headings
4.3 This guide is intended to provide a common starting for discussion purposes only. The group headings are not
point for designers and builders of materials property data-
intended to identify normalization of the database model; this
bases. This guide generally identifies the contents of the is left to the database designer.
database in terms of data elements, but does not recommend
4.8 Numerousdataelementslistedinthisguidemayneedto
any particular logical or physical database design. A database be repeated to identify even a single material. Depending on
builder has considerable flexibility in designing a database
the database purpose or design, it may be appropriate to design
schema, and it is intended that this guide support that flexibil- the database to enable additional repeatable data elements.
ity.
How the database should accommodate multiple values for a
4.4 It is recognized that material property databases will be given data element is another question left to the database
designed for different levels of material information and for
designer.
different purposes. For example, a database developed by an
5. Guidelines
industry trade group might only identify typical properties
5.1 The data elements recommended for material identifi-
generally representative of those for a particular metal or alloy,
cation are listed in Table 1. Descriptions of each data element
and not actual values measured on a specific sample. On the
are provided in Section 6. Table 1 includes: (1) a data element
other hand, a business might desire to manage data on specific
number, (2) a descriptive name for each data element, (3) data
type, and (4) category sets, value sets, or units.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
5.1.1 Data Element Number—A reference number for ease
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
of dealing with the individual data elements within this guide.
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
The data element number has no permanent value and does not
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. become part of the database itself.
E 1338 – 97 (2003)
5.1.2 Descriptive Data Element Name—The complete and 5.4 Data elements are provided for characterization of a
unambiguous name, descriptive of the data element being material’s microstructure in terms of grain size measurements
identified. and description of its microstructure, including microstructure
classification. Additional data elements should be added for
5.1.3 DataType—Thekindofdatatobeincludedinthedata
other aspects of metallographic characterization if judged by
element, such as the type of number, character string, and date.
the database designer to be appropriate for a particular system.
5.1.3.1 String—Textual data element.
Examples of additional items that should be considered for
5.1.3.2 Real—Any rational, irrational, and scientific real
addition are the following: distribution of elements to grain
number.
boundaries, presence of voids or inclusions, phase content, and
5.1.3.3 Integer—An integral number.
X-ray diffraction measurements. Images are often an important
5.1.3.4 Date—The calendar date in the Gregorian calendar
part of the record of materials characterization and should be
in the YYYY-MM-DD format.
made available to the user of the database if appropriate for a
5.1.4 Category Set, Value Set, or Units—A listing of the
particular system. Although this guide does not recommend
typesofinformationthatwouldbeincludedinthedataelement
standard means to handle records of images, data elements
or, in the case of properties or other numeric data, the units in
associated with the storage or indexing of images should be
which the numbers are expressed. Candidate values for both
added when appropriate.
category and value sets are frequently given in separate tables
in this guide. The database implementation should provide
6. Description of Data Elements
some means of maintaining these lists of allowable values and
6.1 The individual data elements recommended for the
presenting them to the database user. The distinction between
identification of metals and alloys are described in this section.
categoryandvaluesetsidentifiedbelowprimarilyrelatestothe
The data elements are numbered consecutively matching the
degree of control over additions to these lists of values.
numbers listed in Table 1. Section headings are used to group
5.1.4.1 A category set is a closed set listing all possible (or
data elements both in the following paragraphs and in Table 1.
acceptable) values the data element may take. Because this
Whetherornottheselogicalgroupingshaveanysignificanceto
guide is intended to apply to databases with different scopes
anactualdatabasewilldependontheparticulardatabasemodel
and purposes, values listed in sample tables in this guide are
used in that instance. Provisions should be designed in the
generally not identified as category sets, but it may be
database for repeated values of data elements, or for sets of
appropriate to treat them as such in a particular database
data elements when it is indicated that they may repeat.
application. The database application should control or restrict
6.1.1 Primary Identifiers—Features which distinguish one
the addition of a new value to a category set.
material type from another and allow materials data to be
5.1.4.2 Avalue set is a representative set listing sample, but
grouped by broad material type. The existence of some of the
notnecessarilyallacceptablevaluesthedataelementmaytake.
following data elements will likely vary depending on the
In this case, the database application generally should provide
scope of the database.
some mea
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