ASTM A254-97(2002)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the like.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: A 254 – 97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed
steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly
in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel
lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the
Single-Strip Type Double-Strip Type
like. FIG. 1 Brazed Tubing, Double-Wall, 360-deg Brazed Construction
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
3.1.7 External coating, where required (see Section 7 and
Supplementary Requirement S2), and
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 Special or supplementary requirements or exceptions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to specification.
A370 TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
4. Manufacture
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
4.1 The steel may be made by any process.
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
4.2 Ifaspecifictypeofmeltingisrequiredbythepurchaser,
E59 PracticeforSamplingSteelandIronforDetermination
it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
of Chemical Composition
4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
J533 Flares for Tubing
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all
3. Ordering Information
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast.When
include the following, as required to describe the desired
steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-
material adequately:
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres),
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
3.1.2 Name of material (copper-brazed steel tubing),
procedure that positively separates the grades.
3.1.3 Type, where necessary (see Fig. 1) (normally the type
4.5 The tubing shall be made by rolling steel strip into the
is not specified),
form of tubing and subsequently copper brazing in a reducing
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness; normally
atmosphere.
inside diameter should not be specified),
4.6 Tubing shall be constructed as shown in Fig. 1.
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
4.7 Tubing shall be suitably tested after brazing by the
3.1.6 Inside surface cleanliness where required (see Section
manufacturer to ensure freedom from leaks and detrimental
8),
flaws.
5. Chemical Composition
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 1997. Published November 1997. Originally
5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
published as A254–44. Last previous edition A254–94.
bemadebythesteelmanufacturertodeterminethepercentages
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Discontinued 1995; see 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
of the elements specified. If secondary melting processes are
Discontinued 1996; see 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one
Replaced by E 1806 (Vol 03.06).
remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each
AvailablefromSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.400CommonwealthDr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 254 – 97 (2002)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
cracking or otherwise showing flaws. (Prior to the expansion
Element Composition, % test, tubing shall be cut off square, edge crowned, and
deburred. It shall be held firmly and squarely in the die, and
Carbon 0.05 to 0.15
Manganese 0.27 to 0.63
punch must be guided on the axis of the tubing.)
Phosphorus, max 0.035
6.4 BendTest—Thefinishedtubingshallstandbendingona
Sulfur, max 0.035
centerline radius equal to three times the tubing outside
diameter without kinking, cracking, or developing other flaws
where proper bending fixtures are used.
that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular
6.5 Pressure Proof Tests—Each tube shall be capable of
product manufacturer shall conform to the requirements speci-
withstanding, without bursting or leaking, either of the follow-
fied.
ing proof tests:
5.3 Product Analysis—Tubing of this quality is commonly
6.5.1 An internal hydrostatic pressure sufficient to subject
produced in rimmed or capped steel which is characterized by
the material to a minimum fiber stress of 16 000 psi (110
a lack of uniformity in its chemical composition. For this
MPa). Hydrostatic pressure shall be determined by the follow-
reason, rejection for product analysis is not appropriate unless
ing formula:
misapplication is clearly indicated.
P 52St/D
5.4 Methods of Analysis—Methods described in Test Meth-
ods E30 shall be used for referee purposes. Due allowance
where:
shall be made for the presence of copper brazing metal.
P = hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa),
5.5 Samples for Product Analysis—Except for spectro-
S = allowable fiber stress, 16 000 psi (110 MPa),
graphic analysis, samples shall be taken in accordance with
t = actual wall thickness of tubing, in. (or mm), and
Practice E59.
D = actual outside diameter of tubing, in. (or mm).
6. Mechanical Requirements
6.5.2 An underwater air pressure between 225 and 250 psi
6.1 Tension Test—Tensile properties of tubing as manufac-
(1.55 and 1.73 MPa).
tured(priortocoldworking)shallconformtotherequirements
specified in Table 2.
7. Coating
6.1.1 The specimens and tension tests required shall be
7.1 Tubing may be furnished with a copper coating on the
made in accordance with Test Methods and DefinitionsA370.
inside and outside surfaces, at the option of the manufacturer.
6.1.2 Specimens shall be tested at room temperature.
6.1.3 Test specimens shall be taken from the ends of
8. Inside Surface Cleanliness
finished tubes prior to upsetting, swaging, expanding, or other
8.1 When inside surface cleanliness is specified by the
forming operations, or being cut to length. They shall be
purchaser, tubing for certain uses, such as refrigeration con-
smooth on the ends and free from burrs and flaws.
densers, shall conform to the following requirement for inter-
6.1.4 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machin-
nal cleanliness:
ing, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
8.1.1 When a length of tubing is washed internally with
6.1.5 The yield strength shall be determined as that corre-
redistilled chloroform or redistilled 1,1,1-trichloroethane, the
sponding to a permanent offset of 0.2% of the gage length of
residue remaining upon evaporation of the solvent shall not
the specimen, or a total extension of 0.5% of the gage length
−4 2 2
exceed 1.25 3 10 g/in. (0.194 g/m ) of internal surface. To
under load.
perform the test, pour 100 mL of solvent through the tubing
6.1.6 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is
and collect.The total length of tubing tested should not be less
lessthanthatspecifiedandanypartofthefractureismorethan
than40ft(12m),althoughthistotallengthmaybeobtainedby
⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) from the center of the gage length, as
washing
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