ASTM A254-97(2007)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
ABSTRACT
This specification covers double-wall, copper brazed steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the like. The tubing shall be made by rolling steel strip into the form of tubing and subsequently copper brazing in a reducing atmosphere. The steel shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition and shall be subjected to heat analysis and product analysis. Tension, flattening, expansion, bending, and pressure proof tests shall be made in accordance with the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the like.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A254 −97(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness; normally
inside diameter should not be specified),
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly
3.1.6 Inside surface cleanliness where required (see Section
in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel
8),
lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the
3.1.7 External coating, where required (see Section 7 and
like.
Supplementary Requirement S2), and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.8 Special or supplementary requirements or exceptions
as the standard.
to specification.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Manufacture
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The steel may be made by any process.
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.2 Ifaspecifictypeofmeltingisrequiredbythepurchaser,
of Steel Products
it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
J533Flares for Tubing
4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast.When
3. Ordering Information
steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The
include the following, as required to describe the desired
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
material adequately:
procedure that positively separates the grades.
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres),
4.5 The tubing shall be made by rolling steel strip into the
3.1.2 Name of material (copper-brazed steel tubing),
form of tubing and subsequently copper brazing in a reducing
3.1.3 Type, where necessary (see Fig. 1) (normally the type
atmosphere.
is not specified),
4.6 Tubing shall be constructed as shown in Fig. 1.
4.7 Tubing shall be suitably tested after brazing by the
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
manufacturer to ensure freedom from leaks and detrimental
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
flaws.
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A254–97(2002).
5. Chemical Composition
DOI: 10.1520/A0254-97R07.
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.2 HeatAnalysis—Ananalysisofeachheatofsteelshallbe
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
madebythesteelmanufacturertodeterminethepercentagesof
www.astm.org.
the elements specified. If secondary melting processes are
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org. remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A254−97 (2007)
6.1.6 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is
lessthanthatspecifiedandanypartofthefractureismorethan
⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) from the center of the gage length, as
indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a
retest shall be allowed.
Single-Strip Type Double-Strip Type
6.2 Flattening Test—A section of tubing, not less than 2 ⁄2
FIG. 1 Brazed Tubing, Double-Wall, 360-deg Brazed Construction
in. (64 mm) in length, shall stand being flattened between
parallel plates until the inside walls are in contact without
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
cracking or otherwise showing flaws.
Element Composition, %
6.3 ExpansionTest—Asectionoftubingapproximately4in.
Carbon 0.05 to 0.15
Manganese 0.27 to 0.63 (100 mm) in length shall stand being expanded over a tapered
Phosphorus, max 0.035
mandrel having a slope of 1 in 10 until the outside diameter at
Sulfur, max 0.035
the expanded end is increased 20% without cracking or
otherwise showing flaws. (Prior to the expansion test, tubing
shall be cut off square, edge crowned, and deburred. It shall be
held firmly and squarely in the die, and punch must be guided
primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or
on the axis of the tubing.)
that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular
6.4 Bend Test—The finished tubing shall stand bending on a
product manufacturer shall conform to the requirements speci-
centerline radius equal to three times the tubing outside
fied.
diameter without kinking, cracking, or developing other flaws
5.3 Product Analysis—Tubing of this quality is commonly
where proper bending fixtures are used.
produced in rimmed or capped steel which is characterized by
a lack of uniformity in its chemical composition. For this 6.5 Pressure Proof Tests—Each tube shall be capable of
reason, rejection for product analysis is not appropriate unless withstanding, without bursting or leaking, either of the follow-
misapplication is clearly indicated. ing proof tests:
6.5.1 An internal hydrostatic pressure sufficient to subject
5.4 Methods of Analysis—Methods described in Test Meth-
the material to a minimum fiber stress of 16 000 psi (110
ods E30 shall be used for referee purposes. Due allowance
MPa). Hydrostatic pressure shall be determined by the follow-
shall be made for the presence of copper brazing metal.
ing formula:
5.5 Samples for Product Analysis—Except for spectro-
P 5 2St/D
graphic analysis, samples shall be taken in accordance with
Practice E59.
where:
P = hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa),
6. Mechanical Requirements
S = allowable fiber stress, 16 000 psi (110 MPa),
6.1 Tension Test—Tensile properties of tubing as manufac- t = actual wall thickness of tubing, in. (or mm), and
D = actual outside diameter of tubing, in. (or mm).
tured(priortocoldworking)shallconformtotherequirements
specified in Table 2.
6.1.1 The specimens and tension tests required shall be
6.5.2 An underwater air pressure between 225 and 250 psi
made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
(1.55 and 1.73 MPa).
6.1.2 Specimens shall be tested at room temperature.
6.1.3 Test specimens shall be taken from the ends of
7. Coating
finished tubes prior to upsetting, swaging, expanding, or other
7.1 Tubing may be furnished with a copper coating on the
forming operations, or being cut to length. They shall be
inside and outside surfaces, at the option of the manufacturer.
smooth on the ends and free from burrs and flaws.
6.1.4 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machin-
8. Inside Surface Cleanliness
ing, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
6.1.5 The yield strength shall be determined as that corre-
8.1 When inside surface cleanliness is specified by the
sponding to a permanent offset of 0.2% of the gage length of
purchaser, tubing for certain uses, such as refriger
...
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